Transferring a WordPress website from a different hosting provider to Yandex Cloud

Run this command:

sudo apt install nano

Wait for the editor to be installed.

1. Run the following commands:

   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin php-mbstring php-gettext
   

2. During the installation process, select the server to install phpMyAdmin on. Select Apache2 and press the space bar on the keyboard: the * icon will appear next to Apache2. Press Enter.

3. Set up phpMyAdmin access to the DB. When prompted Configure database for phpmyadmin with dbconfig-common?, choose <yes>. You can skip entering the password, the system will automatically generate it. To copy the generated password, run the command:

   sudo cat /root/default_passwords.txt
   

   The text of the file must contain the following data:

   MYSQL_ROOT_PASS=KjZKrQV7efFGk
   

   Copy and save the password: MYSQL_ROOT_PASS. You will need it later.

4. Enable the mbstring extension for PHP:

   sudo phpenmod mbstring
   

5. To accept all changes, restart Apache:

   sudo systemctl restart apache2
   

6. Open phpMyAdmin in the browser. In the address bar, enter http://<VM_public_IP_address>/phpmyadmin.

   To log in to phpMyAdmin, use the following data:

   User: root
   Password: system-generated (MYSQL_ROOT_PASS from the default_passwords.txt file)
   

1. Run this command:

   sudo nano /etc/apache2/conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf
   

2. Add the AllowOverride All line to the phpmyadmin.conf file:

   <Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin>
   Options SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
   DirectoryIndex index.php
   AllowOverride All
   

3. Save the changes to the phpmyadmin.conf file. To do this, press Ctrl + O and Enter. To exit the file, press Ctrl + X.

4. Restart Apache:

   sudo systemctl restart apache2
   

5. Create .htaccess:

   sudo nano /usr/share/phpmyadmin/.htaccess
   

6. Copy these lines to .htaccess:

   AuthType Basic
   AuthName "Restricted Files"
   AuthUserFile /etc/phpmyadmin/.htpasswd
   Require valid-user
   

7. Save the changes to the file.

8. Create .htpasswd:

   sudo htpasswd -c /etc/phpmyadmin/.htpasswd <username>
   

   Set the desired password and repeat it.

9. Restart Apache:

   sudo systemctl restart apache2
   

Now, when logging in to phpMyAdmin, you will need to enter an additional username and password specified in the .htpasswd file.

1. Open your website’s WordPress configuration file. To do this, unpack the archive and open the wp-config.php file in the root folder. Find the values of the DB_USER, DB_NAME, and DB_PASSWORD parameters:

   define('DB_USER', 'UsernameTEST');
   define('DB_NAME', 'database_wordpress');
   define('DB_PASSWORD', 'MySecretPassword');
   

2. Log in to phpMyAdmin — enter the following in the browser address bar:

   http://<VM_public_IP_address>/phpmyadmin`
   

3. Go to the User accounts section and add a user account with the following parameters:

   • Username: Insert a value for DB_USER from wp-config.php.
   • Host name: Leave the default value, %.
   • Password: Insert a value for DB_PASSWORD from wp-config.php.
   • Global privileges: Enable the Mark all option.

   Leave the other default parameters when creating a user. At the bottom of the screen, click Forward.

4. Go to the Databases section. Fill in the Database name field with a value for DB_NAME from wp-config.php. Select the utf8_general_ci encoding. Click Create.

5. Import the DB from a backup:

   • In the left column, select the DB you created.
   • Click Import and select the saved DB backup. If the DB backup exceeds the default limit of 2 MB, edit the php.ini configuration file where this limit is set.

   1. Run this command:

      sudo nano /etc/php/X.X/apache2/php.ini
      

      X.X: PHP version. Possible values: 5.6, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.0, 8.1.

   2. Edit the parameters:

      • upload_max_filesize: Maximum size of the uploaded file.
      • post_max_size: Maximum message size for the POST method.

      upload_max_filesize = 80M
      post_max_size = 80M
      

   3. Save the changes: Press Ctrl+O and Enter. To exit the file, press Ctrl+X.

   4. Restart Apache:

      sudo systemctl restart apache2
      

   5. Repeat the DB import operation.

To add a public DNS zone:

1. Open the Cloud DNS section of the folder where you need to create a DNS zone.
2. Click Create zone.
3. Specify the DNS zone settings:
   • Zone: example.com.. Or specify your registered domain.
   • Type: Public.
   • Name: example-zone-1.
4. Click Create.

1. Under Network on the VM page in the management console, find the VM's public IP address.
2. Create an A record:
   • Open the Cloud DNS section of the folder containing the example.com DNS zone.
   • Select the example.com DNS zone from the list.
   • Click Create record.
   • Specify the record settings:
     • Name: Leave empty.
     • Type: Leave set to A.
     • Data: Enter your VM's public address.
     • TTL (in seconds) (record time to live): Keep the default value.
   • Click Create.
3. Create a CNAME record:
   • Select the example.com DNS zone from the list.
   • Click Create record.
   • Specify the record settings:
     • Name: www.
     • Type: Select CNAME.
     • Data: Enter example.com.
     • TTL (in seconds) (record time to live): Keep the default value.
   • Click Create.

1. Enter the following command in the terminal:

   sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
   

2. Add the universe and certbot repositories:

   sudo add-apt-repository universe && sudo add-apt-repository ppa:certbot/certbot
   

   Press Enter.

3. Install the Let's Encrypt client:

   sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install certbot python-certbot-apache
   

4. Press Y and Enter.

1. Enter this command:

   sudo certbot --apache
   

2. In the interface, enter the name of your domain: example.com or www.example.com.

3. Indicate whether to redirect all pages from http to https when opening your website. Select 2 to redirect to https.

4. Test your website: paste https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=example.com to your browser's address bar.

1. Enter the following command in the terminal:

   sudo crontab -e
   

2. In the dialog, select the first item from the list.

3. Add a line of code to the very end of the file:

   30 2 * * 1 /usr/bin/certbot renew >> /var/log/le-renew.log
   

   As a result, an SSL certificate is scheduled to be updated every Monday at 2:30 am. The result will be recorded in a log file.

1. Enter the following command in the terminal:

   sudo nano /var/www/html/.htaccess
   

2. Add program code:

   <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
   	   RewriteEngine On
   	   RewriteBase /
   	   RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
   	   RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
   	   RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
   	   RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
   	 </IfModule>
   

3. Save the changes: Ctrl+O and Enter. To exit, press Ctrl+X.

1. Enter this command:

   sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
   

2. Add program code:

   <Directory /var/www/html>
   	   AllowOverride All
   	   Order allow,deny
   	   allow from all
   	 </Directory>
   

3. As a result:

   <VirtualHost *:80 [::]:80>
   	   ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
   	   DocumentRoot /var/www/html
   	   <Directory /var/www/html>
   	     AllowOverride All
   		 Order allow,deny
   		 allow from all
   	   </Directory>
   	   ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
   	   CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
   	 </VirtualHost>
   

4. Restart Apache:

   sudo systemctl restart apache2