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Creating a WordPress website with a MySQL® database cluster using Terraform

Written by
Updated at November 8, 2024

To create an infrastructure for a WordPress website with a MySQL® database cluster using Terraform:

To set up a WordPress website with a MySQL® cluster:

  1. Prepare your cloud.
  2. Create an infrastructure.
  3. Configure Nginx web server.
  4. Install WordPress and additional components.
  5. Complete WordPress configuration.
  6. Test the website.

If you no longer need the resources you created, delete them.

Prepare your cloud

Sign up for Yandex Cloud and create a billing account:

  1. Go to the management console and log in to Yandex Cloud or create an account if you do not have one yet.
  2. On the Yandex Cloud Billing page, make sure you have a billing account linked and it has the ACTIVE or TRIAL_ACTIVE status. If you do not have a billing account, create one.

If you have an active billing account, you can go to the cloud page to create or select a folder for your infrastructure to operate in.

Learn more about clouds and folders.

The cost of hosting your WordPress website with a MySQL® cluster includes:

Create an infrastructure

Terraform allows you to quickly create a cloud infrastructure in Yandex Cloud and manage it using configuration files. Configuration files store the infrastructure description in the HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL). Terraform and its providers are distributed under the Business Source License.

For more information about the provider resources, see the documentation on the Terraform website or the mirror.

If you change the configuration files, Terraform automatically detects which part of your configuration is already deployed, and what should be added or removed.

To create an infrastructure using Terraform:

  1. Install Terraform, get the authentication credentials, and specify the source for installing the Yandex Cloud provider (see Configure a provider, step 1).

  2. Prepare files with the infrastructure description:

    1. Create a directory for files.
    2. Download the archive (1 KB).
    3. Unpack the archive to the directory. The wordpress-mysql.tf file should be added to the directory.

    1. Create a directory for files.

    2. Create the wordpress.tf configuration file in the directory:

      wordpress-mysql.tf
      terraform {
  required_providers {
    yandex = {
      source  = "yandex-cloud/yandex"
      version = ">= 0.47.0"
    }
  }
}

provider "yandex" {
  zone = "ru-central1-a"
}

resource "yandex_compute_disk" "boot-disk" {
  name     = "bootvmdisk"
  type     = "network-hdd"
  zone     = "ru-central1-a"
  size     = "20"
  image_id = "<image_ID>"
}

resource "yandex_compute_instance" "vm-wordpress-mysql" {
  name        = "wp-mysql-tutorial-web"
  platform_id = "standard-v3"
  zone        = "ru-central1-a"

  resources {
    core_fraction = 20
    cores         = 2
    memory        = 2
  }

  boot_disk {
    disk_id = yandex_compute_disk.boot-disk.id
  }

  network_interface {
    subnet_id          = yandex_vpc_subnet.subnet-1.id
    security_group_ids = ["${yandex_vpc_security_group.sg-1.id}"]
    nat                = true
  }

  metadata = {
    ssh-keys = "<username>:<SSH_key_contents>"
  }
}

resource "yandex_mdb_mysql_cluster" "wp-cluster" {
  name                = "wp-mysql-tutorial-db-cluster"
  environment         = "PRESTABLE"
  network_id          = yandex_vpc_network.network-1.id
  version             = "8.0"
  security_group_ids  = ["${yandex_vpc_security_group.sg-1.id}"]

  resources {
    resource_preset_id = "s2.small"
    disk_type_id       = "network-ssd"
    disk_size          = "10"
  }

  host {
    zone             = "ru-central1-a"
    subnet_id        = yandex_vpc_subnet.subnet-1.id
    assign_public_ip = false
  }

  host {
    zone             = "ru-central1-b"
    subnet_id        = yandex_vpc_subnet.subnet-2.id
    assign_public_ip = false
  }

  host {
    zone             = "ru-central1-d"
    subnet_id        = yandex_vpc_subnet.subnet-3.id
    assign_public_ip = false
  }
}

resource "yandex_mdb_mysql_database" "wp-db" {
  cluster_id = yandex_mdb_mysql_cluster.wp-cluster.id
  name       = "wp-mysql-tutorial-db"
}

resource "yandex_mdb_mysql_user" "wp-user" {
  cluster_id            = yandex_mdb_mysql_cluster.wp-cluster.id
  name                  = "wordpress"
  password              = "password"
  authentication_plugin = "MYSQL_NATIVE_PASSWORD"
  permission {
    database_name = yandex_mdb_mysql_database.wp-db.name
    roles         = ["ALL"]
  }
}

resource "yandex_vpc_security_group" "sg-1" {
  name        = "wordpress"
  description = "Description for security group"
  network_id  = yandex_vpc_network.network-1.id

  ingress {
    protocol       = "TCP"
    description    = "ext-http"
    v4_cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
    port           = 80
  }

  ingress {
    protocol       = "TCP"
    description    = "ext-ssh"
    v4_cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
    port           = 22
  }

  ingress {
    protocol       = "TCP"
    description    = "ext-msql"
    v4_cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
    port           = 3306
  }

  ingress {
    protocol       = "TCP"
    description    = "ext-https"
    v4_cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
    port           = 443
  }

  egress {
    protocol       = "ANY"
    description    = "any"
    v4_cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
  }
}

resource "yandex_vpc_network" "network-1" {
  name = "network1"
}

resource "yandex_vpc_subnet" "subnet-1" {
  name           = "subnet1"
  zone           = "ru-central1-a"
  network_id     = yandex_vpc_network.network-1.id
  v4_cidr_blocks = ["192.168.1.0/24"]
}

resource "yandex_vpc_subnet" "subnet-2" {
  name           = "subnet2"
  zone           = "ru-central1-b"
  network_id     = yandex_vpc_network.network-1.id
  v4_cidr_blocks = ["192.168.2.0/24"]
}

resource "yandex_vpc_subnet" "subnet-3" {
  name           = "subnet3"
  zone           = "ru-central1-d"
  network_id     = yandex_vpc_network.network-1.id
  v4_cidr_blocks = ["192.168.3.0/24"]
}

resource "yandex_dns_zone" "zone-1" {
  name        = "example-zone-1"
  description = "Public zone"
  zone        = "example.com."
  public      = true
}

resource "yandex_dns_recordset" "rs-1" {
  zone_id = yandex_dns_zone.zone-1.id
  name    = "example.com."
  ttl     = 600
  type    = "A"
  data    = ["${yandex_compute_instance.vm-wordpress-mysql.network_interface.0.nat_ip_address}"]
}

resource "yandex_dns_recordset" "rs-2" {
  zone_id = yandex_dns_zone.zone-1.id
  name    = "www"
  ttl     = 600
  type    = "CNAME"
  data    = ["example.com"]
}

    For more information about the parameters of resources used in Terraform, see the provider documentation:

  3. Under metadata, enter the metadata for creating a VM instance: <username>:<SSH_key_contents>. Regardless of the username specified, the key is assigned to the user set in the image configuration. Such users vary depending on an image. For more information, see Keys processed in public images.

  4. Under boot_disk, specify the ID of a VM image with a relevant set of components:

  5. Create resources:

    1. In the terminal, change to the folder where you edited the configuration file.

    2. Make sure the configuration file is correct using the command:

      terraform validate

      If the configuration is correct, the following message is returned:

      Success! The configuration is valid.

    3. Run the command:

      terraform plan

      The terminal will display a list of resources with parameters. No changes are made at this step. If the configuration contains errors, Terraform will point them out.

    4. Apply the configuration changes:

      terraform apply

    5. Confirm the changes: type yes in the terminal and press Enter.

After creating the infrastructure, configure the Nginx web server.

Configure the Nginx web server

After the wp-mysql-tutorial-web VM's status changes to RUNNING:

  1. Under Network on the VM page in the management console, find the VM's public IP address.

  2. Connect to the VM via SSH. You can use the ssh utility in Linux or macOS, or PuTTY in Windows.

    The recommended authentication method when connecting over SSH is using a key pair. Make sure to configure the generated key pair so that the private key matches the public key sent to the VM.

  3. Install Nginx, PHP-FPM process manager, and additional packages:

    sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y nginx-full php-fpm php-mysql
sudo systemctl enable nginx

    sudo yum -y install epel-release
sudo yum -y install nginx
sudo rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
sudo yum -y --enablerepo=remi-php74 install php php-mysql php-xml php-soap php-xmlrpc php-mbstring php-json php-gd php-mcrypt
sudo yum -y --enablerepo=remi-php74 install php-fpm
sudo systemctl enable nginx
sudo systemctl enable php-fpm

  4. Use the Nginx configuration files to configure the web server:

    1. You can edit files in the nano editor:

      sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/wordpress

    2. Edit the file as follows:

      server {
    listen 80 default_server;

    root /var/www/wordpress;
    index index.php;

    server_name <DNS-server_name>;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }

    error_page 404 /404.html;
    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        try_files $uri =404;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}

    3. Allow launching your site:

      sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/wordpress /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

    You can edit the files nginx.conf and wordpress.conf in the nano editor:

    1. Open nginx.conf:

      sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

    2. Edit the file as follows:

      user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
  worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
  log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                    '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                    '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

  access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log main;

  sendfile            on;
  tcp_nopush          on;
  tcp_nodelay         on;
  keepalive_timeout   65;
  types_hash_max_size 2048;

  include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
  default_type        application/octet-stream;

  include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

    3. Open wordpress.conf:

      sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/wordpress.conf

    4. Edit the file as follows:

      server {
    listen 80 default_server;

    root /usr/share/nginx/wordpress/;
    index index.php;

    server_name <DNS-server_name>;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }

    error_page 404 /404.html;
    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        try_files $uri =404;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}

Install WordPress and additional components

  1. Download and unpack the latest WordPress version:

    wget https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
tar -xzf latest.tar.gz
mv wordpress/wp-config-sample.php wordpress/wp-config.php
sudo mv wordpress /var/www/wordpress
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/wordpress

    curl https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz --output latest.tar.gz
tar -xzf latest.tar.gz
mv wordpress/wp-config-sample.php wordpress/wp-config.php
sudo mv wordpress /usr/share/nginx/wordpress
sudo chown -R nginx:nginx /usr/share/nginx/wordpress/

    Change the SELinux settings:

    sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t "/usr/share/nginx/wordpress(/.*)?"
sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t "/usr/share/nginx/wordpress(/.*)?"
sudo restorecon -R /usr/share/nginx/wordpress
sudo setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1

  2. Get WordPress security keys:

    curl --silent https://api.wordpress.org/secret-key/1.1/salt/

    Save the command output. You will need the keys in the next step.

  3. Add the security keys to the WordPress configuration file: wp-config.php. You can edit files in the nano editor:

    sudo nano /var/www/wordpress/wp-config.php

    sudo nano /usr/share/nginx/wordpress/wp-config.php

    Replace the configuration section for the values from the previous step:

    define('AUTH_KEY',         't vz,|............R lZ5]');
define('SECURE_AUTH_KEY',  '@r&pPD............dK-A%=');
define('LOGGED_IN_KEY',    '%6TuLl............9>/dNE');
define('NONCE_KEY',        'DO(u.H............$?ja-e');
define('AUTH_SALT',        '|G Vo<............Xeb.~y');
define('SECURE_AUTH_SALT', 'Y5tIYA............7Lxf8J');
define('LOGGED_IN_SALT',   'gR]>WZ............<>|;YY');
define('NONCE_SALT',       '=]nQIb............HLT2:9');

  4. Go to the connection configuration section for the wp-mysql-tutorial-db-cluster cluster:

    // ** MySQL® settings - You can get this info from your web host. ** //
/** The name of the database for WordPress. */

define( 'DB_NAME', '<DB_NAME>' );
/** MySQL® database username. */
define( 'DB_USER', '<DB_USER>' );

/** MySQL® database password. */
define( 'DB_PASSWORD', '<DB_PASSWORD>' );

/** MySQL® hostname. */
define( 'DB_HOST', '<DB_HOST>' );

    Replace the placeholders in the file:

    • <DB_NAME>: wp-mysql-tutorial-db DB name.

    • <DB_USER>: wordpress user name.

    • <DB_PASSWORD>: Password you set when creating the database cluster.

    • <DB_HOST>: MySQL® host name in XXXX-XXXXXXXXXX.mdb.yandexcloud.net format.

      To find out the FQDN of your MySQL® host:

      1. Go to the MySQL® cluster page in the management console.
      2. On the Databases tab next to the DB, click → Connect.
      3. Find the mysql --host=ХХХХ-ХХХХХХХХХХ.mdb.yandexcloud.net line, where ХХХХ-ХХХХХХХХХХ.mdb.yandexcloud.net is the FQDN of the host with the MASTER role.

      Get a host list and copy the MASTER host's NAME:

      yc managed-mysql host list --cluster-name <MySQL®>_cluster_name

      +------------------------+----------------------+---------+--------+-------------------+-----------+
|           NAME         |      CLUSTER ID      |  ROLE   | HEALTH |      ZONE ID      | PUBLIC IP |
+------------------------+----------------------+---------+--------+-------------------+-----------+
| rc1a-...mdb.yandexcloud.net | c9quhb1l32unm1sdn0in | MASTER  | ALIVE  | ru-central1-a | false     |
| rc1b-...mdb.yandexcloud.net | c9quhb1l32unm1sdn0in | REPLICA | ALIVE  | ru-central1-b | false     |
+------------------------+----------------------+---------+--------+-------------------+-----------+

  5. Restart Nginx and PHP-FPM:

    sudo systemctl restart nginx.service
sudo systemctl restart php7.4-fpm.service

    sudo systemctl restart nginx.service
sudo systemctl restart php-fpm.service

Complete WordPress configuration

  1. Under Network on the VM page in the management console, find the VM's public IP address.
  2. Open the VM by entering its address in your browser.
  3. Select the language and click Continue.
  4. Fill out information to access the website:
    • Enter any website name, for example, wp-your-project.
    • Specify the username to be used to log in to the admin panel (for example, admin).
    • Enter the password to be used to log in to the admin panel.
    • Enter your email address.
  5. Click Install WordPress.
  6. If the installation is successful, click Log in.
  7. Log in to the website with the username and password specified in the previous steps. This will open the admin panel where you can start working with your website.

Test the website

To test the site, enter its IP address or domain name in your browser:

  • http://<public_IP_of_VM>
  • http://www.example.com

To access the WordPress control panel, use http://www.example.com/wp-admin/.

How to delete the resources you created

To stop paying for the resources you created:

  1. Open the single-node-file-server.tf configuration file and delete from it the description of the infrastructure you created.

  2. Apply the changes:

    1. In the terminal, change to the folder where you edited the configuration file.

    2. Make sure the configuration file is correct using the command:

      terraform validate

      If the configuration is correct, the following message is returned:

      Success! The configuration is valid.

    3. Run the command:

      terraform plan

      The terminal will display a list of resources with parameters. No changes are made at this step. If the configuration contains errors, Terraform will point them out.

    4. Apply the configuration changes:

      terraform apply

    5. Confirm the changes: type yes in the terminal and press Enter.

See also

Previous
Management console
Next
Transferring a WordPress website from a different hosting provider to Yandex Cloud