Creating a WordPress website with a MySQL® database cluster using the management console

To create an infrastructure for a WordPress website with a MySQL® database cluster using the Yandex Cloud management console:

To set up a WordPress website with a MySQL® cluster:

1. Get your cloud ready.
2. Create a VM for WordPress.
3. Create a MySQL® DB cluster.
4. Configure Nginx web server.
5. Install WordPress and additional components.
6. Complete WordPress configuration.
7. Configure DNS.
8. Test the website.

If you no longer need the resources you created, delete them.

Get your cloud readyGet your cloud ready

Sign up for Yandex Cloud and create a billing account:

1. Navigate to the management console and log in to Yandex Cloud or create a new account.
2. On the Yandex Cloud Billing page, make sure you have a billing account linked and it has the ACTIVE or TRIAL_ACTIVE status. If you do not have a billing account, create one and link a cloud to it.

If you have an active billing account, you can navigate to the cloud page to create or select a folder for your infrastructure.

Learn more about clouds and folders here.

Required paid resourcesRequired paid resources

• VM instance: use of computing resources, storage, public IP address, and OS (see Compute Cloud pricing).

• Managed Service for MySQL® cluster: computing resources allocated to hosts, size of storage and backups (see Managed Service for MySQL® pricing).

• Public IP addresses if public access is enabled for cluster hosts (see Virtual Private Cloud pricing).

• Public DNS queries and DNS zones (see Cloud DNS pricing).

Create a VM for WordPressCreate a VM for WordPress

To create a VM for WordPress:

It may take a few minutes to create your VM. When the VM status changes to RUNNING, proceed to the next step.

Once created, the VM is assigned a public IP address and a host name (FQDN). You can use them for SSH access.

Create a MySQL® DB clusterCreate a MySQL® DB cluster

To create a MySQL® DB cluster:

Creating a DB cluster may take a few minutes.

Configure the Nginx web serverConfigure the Nginx web server

After the wp-mysql-tutorial-web VM's status changes to RUNNING:

1. Under Network on the VM page in the management console, find the VM's public IP address.

2. Connect to the VM via SSH. You can use the ssh utility in Linux or macOS, or PuTTY in Windows.

   The recommended authentication method when connecting over SSH is using a key pair. Make sure to configure the generated key pair so that the private key matches the public key sent to the VM.

3. Install Nginx, PHP-FPM process manager, and additional packages:

   Debian/Ubuntu

   CentOS

   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install -y nginx-full php-fpm php-mysql
   sudo systemctl enable nginx
   

   sudo yum -y install epel-release
   sudo yum -y install nginx
   sudo rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
   sudo yum -y --enablerepo=remi-php74 install php php-mysql php-xml php-soap php-xmlrpc php-mbstring php-json php-gd php-mcrypt
   sudo yum -y --enablerepo=remi-php74 install php-fpm
   sudo systemctl enable nginx
   sudo systemctl enable php-fpm
   

4. Use the Nginx configuration files to configure the web server:

   Debian/Ubuntu

   CentOS

   1. You can edit files in the nano editor:

      sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/wordpress
      

   2. Edit the file as follows:

      server {
          listen 80 default_server;
      
          root /var/www/wordpress;
          index index.php;
      
          server_name <DNS-server_name>;
      
          location / {
              try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
          }
      
          error_page 404 /404.html;
          error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
          location = /50x.html {
              root /usr/share/nginx/html;
          }
      
          location ~ \.php$ {
              try_files $uri =404;
              fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
              fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
              fastcgi_index index.php;
              fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
              include fastcgi_params;
          }
      }
      

   3. Allow launching your site:

      sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
      sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/wordpress /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
      

   You can edit the files nginx.conf and wordpress.conf in the nano editor:

   1. Open nginx.conf:

      sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
      

   2. Edit the file as follows:

      user nginx;
      worker_processes auto;
      error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
      pid /run/nginx.pid;
      include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
      
      events {
        worker_connections 1024;
      }
      
      http {
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
      
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
      
        sendfile            on;
        tcp_nopush          on;
        tcp_nodelay         on;
        keepalive_timeout   65;
        types_hash_max_size 2048;
      
        include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type        application/octet-stream;
      
        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
      }
      

   3. Open wordpress.conf:

      sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/wordpress.conf
      

   4. Edit the file as follows:

      server {
          listen 80 default_server;
      
          root /usr/share/nginx/wordpress/;
          index index.php;
      
          server_name <DNS-server_name>;
      
          location / {
              try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
          }
      
          error_page 404 /404.html;
          error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
          location = /50x.html {
              root /usr/share/nginx/html;
          }
      
          location ~ \.php$ {
              try_files $uri =404;
              fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
              fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
              fastcgi_index index.php;
              fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
              include fastcgi_params;
          }
      }
      

Install WordPress and additional componentsInstall WordPress and additional components

1. Download and unpack the latest WordPress version:

   Debian/Ubuntu

   CentOS

   wget https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
   tar -xzf latest.tar.gz
   mv wordpress/wp-config-sample.php wordpress/wp-config.php
   sudo mv wordpress /var/www/wordpress
   sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/wordpress
   

   curl https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz --output latest.tar.gz
   tar -xzf latest.tar.gz
   mv wordpress/wp-config-sample.php wordpress/wp-config.php
   sudo mv wordpress /usr/share/nginx/wordpress
   sudo chown -R nginx:nginx /usr/share/nginx/wordpress/
   

   Change the SELinux settings:

   sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t "/usr/share/nginx/wordpress(/.*)?"
   sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t "/usr/share/nginx/wordpress(/.*)?"
   sudo restorecon -R /usr/share/nginx/wordpress
   sudo setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1
   

2. Get WordPress security keys:

   curl --silent https://api.wordpress.org/secret-key/1.1/salt/
   

   Save the command output. You will need the keys in the next step.

3. Add the security keys to the WordPress configuration file: wp-config.php. You can edit files in the nano editor:

   Debian/Ubuntu

   CentOS

   sudo nano /var/www/wordpress/wp-config.php
   

   sudo nano /usr/share/nginx/wordpress/wp-config.php
   

   Replace the configuration section for the values from the previous step:

   define('AUTH_KEY',         't vz,|............R lZ5]');
   define('SECURE_AUTH_KEY',  '@r&pPD............dK-A%=');
   define('LOGGED_IN_KEY',    '%6TuLl............9>/dNE');
   define('NONCE_KEY',        'DO(u.H............$?ja-e');
   define('AUTH_SALT',        '|G Vo<............Xeb.~y');
   define('SECURE_AUTH_SALT', 'Y5tIYA............7Lxf8J');
   define('LOGGED_IN_SALT',   'gR]>WZ............<>|;YY');
   define('NONCE_SALT',       '=]nQIb............HLT2:9');
   

4. Go to the connection configuration section for the wp-mysql-tutorial-db-cluster cluster:

   // ** MySQL® settings - You can get this info from your web host. ** //
   /** The name of the database for WordPress. */
   
   define( 'DB_NAME', '<DB_NAME>' );
   /** MySQL® database username. */
   define( 'DB_USER', '<DB_USER>' );
   
   /** MySQL® database password. */
   define( 'DB_PASSWORD', '<DB_PASSWORD>' );
   
   /** MySQL® hostname. */
   define( 'DB_HOST', '<DB_HOST>' );
   

   Replace the placeholders in the file:

   • <DB_NAME>: wp-mysql-tutorial-db DB name.

   • <DB_USER>: wordpress user name.

   • <DB_PASSWORD>: Password you set when creating the database cluster.

   • <DB_HOST>: MySQL® host name in XXXX-XXXXXXXXXX.mdb.yandexcloud.net format.

     To find out the FQDN of your MySQL® host:

     Management console

     CLI

     1. Go to the MySQL® cluster page in the management console.
     2. On the Databases tab next to the DB, click → Connect.
     3. Find the mysql --host=ХХХХ-ХХХХХХХХХХ.mdb.yandexcloud.net line, where ХХХХ-ХХХХХХХХХХ.mdb.yandexcloud.net is the FQDN of the host with the MASTER role.

     Get a host list and copy the MASTER host's NAME:

     yc managed-mysql host list --cluster-name <MySQL®>_cluster_name
     

     +------------------------+----------------------+---------+--------+-------------------+-----------+
     |           NAME         |      CLUSTER ID      |  ROLE   | HEALTH |      ZONE ID      | PUBLIC IP |
     +------------------------+----------------------+---------+--------+-------------------+-----------+
     | rc1a-...mdb.yandexcloud.net | c9quhb1l32unm1sdn0in | MASTER  | ALIVE  | ru-central1-a | false     |
     | rc1b-...mdb.yandexcloud.net | c9quhb1l32unm1sdn0in | REPLICA | ALIVE  | ru-central1-b | false     |
     +------------------------+----------------------+---------+--------+-------------------+-----------+
     

5. Restart Nginx and PHP-FPM:

   Debian/Ubuntu

   CentOS

   sudo systemctl restart nginx.service
   sudo systemctl restart php7.4-fpm.service
   

   sudo systemctl restart nginx.service
   sudo systemctl restart php-fpm.service
   

Complete WordPress configurationComplete WordPress configuration

1. Under Network on the VM page in the management console, find the VM's public IP address.
2. Open the VM by entering its address in your browser.
3. Select the language and click Continue.
4. Fill out information to access the website:
   • Enter any website name, for example, wp-your-project.
   • Specify the username to be used to log in to the admin panel (for example, admin).
   • Enter the password to be used to log in to the admin panel.
   • Enter your email address.
5. Click Install WordPress.
6. If the installation is successful, click Log in.
7. Log in to the website with the username and password specified in the previous steps. This will open the admin panel where you can start working with your website.

Configure DNSConfigure DNS

If you have a registered domain name, use the Cloud DNS service to manage the domain.

The tutorial below describes configuring DNS for the example.com domain name.

Add a DNS zoneAdd a DNS zone

Add resource recordsAdd resource records

Create DNS records in the public zone:

Delegate the domain nameDelegate the domain name

Delegation is the transfer of authority from the registrar's servers to yours. For a domain, NS resource records (ns1.yandexcloud.net and ns2.yandexcloud.net) are created.

To delegate a domain, specify its DNS servers in the registrar's account.

Delegation does not take effect immediately. Internet provider servers normally update records within 24 hours (86,400 seconds). This depends on the TTL value which specifies how long domain records are cached.

You can check domain delegation using Whois or the dig utility:

dig +short NS example.com

Result:

ns2.yandexcloud.net.
ns1.yandexcloud.net.

Test the websiteTest the website

To test the site, enter its IP address or domain name in your browser:

• http://<public_IP_of_VM>
• http://www.example.com

To access the WordPress control panel, use http://www.example.com/wp-admin/.

How to delete the resources you createdHow to delete the resources you created

To stop paying for the resources you created:

1. Delete the DNS zone.
2. Delete the MySQL® cluster.
3. Delete the VM.

If you reserved a static public IP address for the VM, delete it.

See alsoSee also

• Creating a WordPress website with a MySQL® database cluster using Terraform