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Automatically copying objects from one Object Storage bucket to another

Written by
Updated at November 20, 2024

Configure automatic object copy from one Object Storage bucket to another. Objects will be copied using a Cloud Functions function invoked by a trigger when a new object is added to a bucket.

To set up object copy:

  1. Prepare your cloud.
  2. Create service accounts.
  3. Create a static key.
  4. Create a Yandex Lockbox secret.
  5. Create Yandex Object Storage buckets.
  6. Prepare a ZIP archive with the function code.
  7. Create a Yandex Cloud Functions function.
  8. Create a trigger.
  9. Test the function.

If you no longer need the resources you created, delete them.

Prepare your cloud

Sign up for Yandex Cloud and create a billing account:

  1. Go to the management console and log in to Yandex Cloud or create an account if you do not have one yet.
  2. On the Yandex Cloud Billing page, make sure you have a billing account linked and it has the ACTIVE or TRIAL_ACTIVE status. If you do not have a billing account, create one.

If you have an active billing account, you can go to the cloud page to create or select a folder for your infrastructure to operate in.

Learn more about clouds and folders.

The cost of resources includes:

Create service accounts

Create a service account named s3-copy-fn with the storage.uploader, storage.viewer, and lockbox.payloadViewer roles that will operate the function, and the account named s3-copy-trigger with the functions.functionInvoker role to invoke the function.

  1. In the management console, select the folder where you want to create a service account.
  2. In the list of services, select Identity and Access Management.
  3. Click Create service account.
  4. Enter a name for the service account: s3-copy-fn.
  5. Click Add role and select the storage.uploader, storage.viewer, and lockbox.payloadViewer roles.
  6. Click Create.
  7. Repeat the previous steps and create a service account named s3-copy-trigger with the functions.functionInvoker role. This service account will be used to invoke the function.

If you do not have the Yandex Cloud command line interface yet, install and initialize it.

The folder specified in the CLI profile is used by default. You can specify a different folder using the --folder-name or --folder-id parameter.

  1. Create a service account named s3-copy-fn:

    yc iam service-account create --name s3-copy-fn

    Result:

    id: nfersamh4sjq********
folder_id: b1gc1t4cb638********
created_at: "2023-03-21T10:36:29.726397755Z"
name: s3-copy-fn

    Save the ID of the s3-copy-fn service account (id) and the ID of the folder where it was created (folder_id).

  2. Assign the storage.uploader, storage.viewer, and lockbox.payloadViewer roles to the service account:

    yc resource-manager folder add-access-binding <folder_ID> \
  --role storage.uploader \
  --subject serviceAccount:<service_account_ID>

yc resource-manager folder add-access-binding <folder_ID> \
  --role storage.viewer \
  --subject serviceAccount:<service_account_ID>

yc resource-manager folder add-access-binding <folder_ID> \
  --role lockbox.payloadViewer \
  --subject serviceAccount:<service_account_ID>

    Result:

    done (1s)

  3. Create a service account named s3-copy-trigger:

    yc iam service-account create --name s3-copy-trigger

    Save the IDs of the s3-copy-trigger service account (id) and the folder where it was created (folder_id).

  4. Assign the service account the functions.functionInvoker role for the folder:

    yc resource-manager folder add-access-binding <folder_ID> \
  --role storage.uploader \
  --subject serviceAccount:<service_account_ID>

If you don't have Terraform, install it and configure the Yandex Cloud provider.

  1. In the configuration file, describe the service account parameters:

    // Service account to operate the function
resource "yandex_iam_service_account" "s3-copy-fn" {
  name        = "s3-copy-fn"
  folder_id   = "<folder_ID>"
}

resource "yandex_resourcemanager_folder_iam_member" "uploader" {
  folder_id = "<folder_ID>"
  role      = "storage.uploader"
  member    = "serviceAccount:${yandex_iam_service_account.s3-copy-fn.id}"
}

resource "yandex_resourcemanager_folder_iam_member" "viewer" {
  folder_id = "<folder_ID>"
  role      = "storage.viewer"
  member    = "serviceAccount:${yandex_iam_service_account.s3-copy-fn.id}"
}

resource "yandex_resourcemanager_folder_iam_member" "payloadViewer" {
  folder_id = "<folder_ID>"
  role      = "lockbox.payloadViewer"
  member    = "serviceAccount:${yandex_iam_service_account.s3-copy-fn.id}"
}

// Service account to invoke the function
resource "yandex_iam_service_account" "s3-copy-trigger" {
  name        = "s3-copy-trigger"
  folder_id   = "<folder_ID>"
}

resource "yandex_resourcemanager_folder_iam_member" "functionInvoker" {
  folder_id = "<folder_ID>"
  role      = "functions.functionInvoker"
  member    = "serviceAccount:${yandex_iam_service_account.s3-copy-trigger.id}"
}

    Where:

    • name: Service account name. This is a required parameter.
    • folder_id: Folder ID. This is an optional parameter. By default, the value specified in the provider settings is used.
    • role: Role you want to assign.

    For more information about the yandex_iam_service_account resource parameters in Terraform, see the relevant provider documentation.

  2. Make sure the configuration files are correct.

    1. In the command line, go to the folder where you created the configuration file.

    2. Run a check using this command:

      terraform plan

    If the configuration is specified correctly, the terminal will display information about the service account. If the configuration contains any errors, Terraform will point them out.

  3. Deploy cloud resources.

    1. If the configuration does not contain any errors, run this command:

      terraform apply

    2. Confirm creating the service accounts: type yes in the terminal and press Enter.

      This will create the service accounts. You can check the new service accounts using the management console or this CLI command:

      yc iam service-account list

To create a service account, use the create REST API method for the ServiceAccount resource or the ServiceAccountService/Create gRPC API call.

To assign the service account the roles for the folder, use the setAccessBindings method for the ServiceAccount resource or the ServiceAccountService/SetAccessBindings gRPC API call.

Create a static key

Create a static access key for the s3-copy-fn service account.

  1. In the management console, select the folder containing the service account.
  2. In the list of services, select Identity and Access Management.
  3. In the left-hand panel, select Service accounts and select the s3-copy-fn service account.
  4. In the top panel, click Create new key.
  5. Select Create static access key.
  6. Specify the key description and click Create.
  7. Save the ID and the secret key.

  1. Run this command:

    yc iam access-key create --service-account-name s3-copy-fn

    Result:

    access_key:
  id: aje6t3vsbj8l********
  service_account_id: ajepg0mjt06s********
  created_at: "2023-03-21T14:37:51Z"
  key_id: 0n8X6WY6S24********
secret: JyTRFdqw8t1kh2-OJNz4JX5ZTz9Dj1rI********

  2. Save the ID (key_id) and secret key (secret). You will not be able to get the key value again.

  1. In the configuration file, describe the key parameters:

    resource "yandex_iam_service_account_static_access_key" "sa-static-key" {
  service_account_id = "<service_account_ID>"
}

    Where service_account_id is the s3-copy-fn service account ID.

    For more information about the yandex_iam_service_account_static_access_key resource parameters in Terraform, see the relevant provider documentation.

  2. Make sure the configuration files are correct.

    1. In the command line, go to the folder where you created the configuration file.

    2. Run a check using this command:

      terraform plan

    If the configuration is described correctly, the terminal will display a list of created resources and their parameters. If the configuration contains any errors, Terraform will point them out.

  3. Deploy cloud resources.

    1. If the configuration does not contain any errors, run this command:

      terraform apply

    2. Confirm creating the static access key: type yes in the terminal and press Enter.

      If any errors occur when creating the key, Terraform will indicate them.
      If the key is successfully created, Terraform will write it into its configuration, but will not show it to the user. The terminal will only display the ID of the created key.

      You can check the new service account key in the management console or using the CLI command:

      yc iam access-key list --service-account-name=s3-copy-fn

To create an access key, use the create REST API method for the AccessKey resource or the AccessKeyService/Create gRPC API call.

Create a secret

Create a Yandex Lockbox secret to store your static access key.

  1. In the management console, select the folder you want to create a secret in.

  2. In the list of services, select Lockbox.

  3. Click Create secret.

  4. In the Name field, specify the secret's name: s3-static-key.

  5. Under Secret data:

    1. Select the Custom secret type.

    2. Add the key ID value:

      • In the Key field, put: key_id.
      • In the Value field, specify the key ID you got earlier.

    3. Click Add key/value.

    4. Add the secret key value:

      • In the Key field, put: secret.
      • In the Value field, specify the secret key value you got earlier.

  6. Click Create.

To create a secret, run this command:

yc lockbox secret create --name s3-static-key \
  --payload "[{'key': 'key_id', 'text_value': '<key_ID>'},{'key': 'secret', 'text_value': '<private_key_value>'}]"

Result:

id: e6q2ad0j9b55********
folder_id: b1gktjk2rg49********
created_at: "2021-11-08T19:23:00.383Z"
name: s3-static-key
status: ACTIVE
current_version:
  id: g6q4fn3b6okj********
  secret_id: e6e2ei4u9b55********
  created_at: "2023-03-21T19:23:00.383Z"
  status: ACTIVE
  payload_entry_keys:
    - key_id
    - secret

  1. In the configuration file, describe the secret parameters:

    resource "yandex_lockbox_secret" "my_secret" {
  name = "s3-static-key"
}

resource "yandex_lockbox_secret_version" "my_version" {
  secret_id = yandex_lockbox_secret.my_secret.id
  entries {
    key        = "key_id"
    text_value = "<key_ID>"
  }
  entries {
    key        = "secret"
    text_value = "<private_key_value>"
  }
}

    Where:

    • name: Secret name
    • key: Key name
    • text_value: Key value

    Note

    We recommend using yandex_lockbox_secret_version_hashed: it stores values in Terraform state in hashed format. We continue supporting yandex_lockbox_secret_version.

    For more information about yandex_lockbox_secret_version_hashed, see the relevant provider documentation.

    For more information about the parameters of resources used in Terraform, see the provider documentation:

  2. Make sure the configuration files are correct.

    1. In the command line, go to the folder where you created the configuration file.

    2. Run a check using this command:

      terraform plan

    If the configuration is described correctly, the terminal will display a list of created resources and their parameters. If the configuration contains any errors, Terraform will point them out.

  3. Deploy cloud resources.

    1. If the configuration does not contain any errors, run this command:

      terraform apply

    2. Confirm creating the secret creation: type yes in the terminal and press Enter.

To create a secret, use the create REST API method for the Secret resource or the SecretService/Create gRPC API call.

Create Object Storage buckets

Create two buckets: the main one to store files and the backup one to copy the main bucket's files to.

  1. In the management console, select the folder you want to create buckets in.

  2. In the list of services, select Object Storage.

  3. Create the main bucket:

    1. Click Create bucket.
    2. In the ** Name** field, enter a name for the main bucket.
    3. In the Object read access, Object listing access, and Read access to settings fields, select Restricted.
    4. Click Create bucket.

  4. Similarly, create a backup bucket.

If you do not have the AWS CLI yet, install and configure it.

Create the main and the backup buckets:

aws --endpoint-url https://storage.yandexcloud.net \
  s3 mb s3://<main_bucket_name>

aws --endpoint-url https://storage.yandexcloud.net \
  s3 mb s3://<backup_bucket_name>

Result:

make_bucket: <main_bucket_name>
make_bucket: <backup_bucket_name>

Note

Terraform uses a service account to interact with Object Storage. Assign to the service account the required role, e.g., storage.admin, for the folder where you are going to create resources.

  1. Describe the parameters for creating a service account and access key in the configuration file:

    ...
// Creating a service account
resource "yandex_iam_service_account" "sa" {
  name = "<service_account_name>"
}

// Assigning a role to a service account
resource "yandex_resourcemanager_folder_iam_member" "sa-admin" {
  folder_id = "<folder_ID>"
  role      = "storage.admin"
  member    = "serviceAccount:${yandex_iam_service_account.sa.id}"
}

// Creating a static access key
resource "yandex_iam_service_account_static_access_key" "sa-static-key" {
  service_account_id = yandex_iam_service_account.sa.id
  description        = "static access key for object storage"
}

  2. In the configuration file, describe the parameters of the main and backup buckets:

    resource "yandex_storage_bucket" "main-bucket" {
  access_key = yandex_iam_service_account_static_access_key.sa-static-key.access_key
  secret_key = yandex_iam_service_account_static_access_key.sa-static-key.secret_key
  bucket     = "<main_bucket_name>"
}

resource "yandex_storage_bucket" "reserve-bucket" {
  access_key = yandex_iam_service_account_static_access_key.sa-static-key.access_key
  secret_key = yandex_iam_service_account_static_access_key.sa-static-key.secret_key
  bucket     = "<backup_bucket_name>"
}

    For more information about the yandex_storage_bucket resource, see the Terraform provider documentation.

  3. Make sure the configuration files are correct.

    1. In the command line, go to the folder where you created the configuration file.

    2. Run a check using this command:

      terraform plan

    If the configuration is described correctly, the terminal will display a list of created resources and their parameters. If the configuration contains any errors, Terraform will point them out.

  4. Deploy cloud resources.

    1. If the configuration does not contain any errors, run this command:

      terraform apply

    2. Confirm creating the buckets: type yes in the terminal and press Enter.

To create a bucket, use the create REST API method for the Bucket resource or the BucketService/Create gRPC API call.

Prepare a ZIP archive with the function code

  1. Save the following code to a file named handler.sh:

    set -e
(
  cat | jq -c '.messages[]' | while read message; 
  do
    SRC_BUCKET=$(echo "$message" | jq -r .details.bucket_id)
    SRC_OBJECT=$(echo "$message" | jq -r .details.object_id)
    aws --endpoint-url="$S3_ENDPOINT" s3 cp "s3://$SRC_BUCKET/$SRC_OBJECT" "s3://$DST_BUCKET/$SRC_OBJECT"
  done;
) 1>&2

  2. Add the handler.sh file into the handler-sh.zip archive.

Create a function

Create a function that will copy a new object to the backup bucket once you add it to the main bucket.

  1. In the management console, select the folder where you want to create a function.

  2. In the list of services, select Cloud Functions.

  3. Create a function:

    1. Click Create function.
    2. Specify the function name: copy-function.
    3. Click Create.

  4. Create a function version:

    1. Select the Bash runtime environment, disable the Add files with code examples option, and click Continue.

    2. Specify the ZIP archive upload method and select the handler-sh.zip archive created in the previous step.

    3. Specify the entry point: handler.sh.

    4. Under Parameters, specify:

      • Timeout, sec: 600

      • Memory: 128 MB

      • Service account: s3-copy-fn

      • Environment variables:

        • S3_ENDPOINT: https://storage.yandexcloud.net
        • DST_BUCKET: Name of the backup bucket to copy files to

      • Lockbox secrets:

        • AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: secret ID s3-static-key, version ID latest, secret key key_id.
        • AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: secret ID s3-static-key, version ID latest, secret key secret.

    5. Click Save changes.

  1. Create a function named copy-function:

    yc serverless function create --name=copy-function

    Result:

    id: b09bhaokchn9********
folder_id: <folder_ID>
created_at: "2024-10-21T20:40:03.451Z"
name: copy-function
http_invoke_url: https://functions.yandexcloud.net/b09bhaokchn9********
status: ACTIVE

  2. Create a version of the copy-function function:

    yc serverless function version create \
  --function-name copy-function \
  --memory=128m \
  --execution-timeout=600s \
  --runtime=bash \
  --entrypoint=handler.sh \
  --service-account-id=<service_account_ID> \
  --environment DST_BUCKET=<backup_bucket_name> \
  --environment S3_ENDPOINT=https://storage.yandexcloud.net \
  --secret name=s3-static-key,key=key_id,environment-variable=AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID \
  --secret name=s3-static-key,key=secret,environment-variable=AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY \
  --source-path=./handler-sh.zip

    Where:

    • --function-name: Name of the function a version of which you are creating.
    • --memory: Amount of RAM.
    • --execution-timeout: Maximum function running time before the timeout is reached.
    • --runtime: Runtime environment.
    • --entrypoint: Entry point.
    • --service-account-id: s3-copy-fn service account ID.
    • --environment: Environment variables.
    • --secret: Secret with parts of the static access key.
    • --source-path: Path to the handler-sh.zip archive.

    Result:

    done (1s)
id: d4e394pt4nhf********
function_id: d4efnkn79m7n********
created_at: "2024-10-21T20:41:01.345Z"
runtime: bash
entrypoint: handler.sh
resources:
  memory: "134217728"
execution_timeout: 600s
service_account_id: ajelprpohp7r********
image_size: "4096"
status: ACTIVE
tags:
  - $latest
environment:
  DST_BUCKET: <backup_bucket_name>
  S3_ENDPOINT: https://storage.yandexcloud.net
secrets:
  - id: e6qo2oprlmgn********
    version_id: e6q6i1qt0ae8********
    key: key_id
    environment_variable: AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
  - id: e6qo2oprlmgn********
    version_id: e6q6i1qt0ae8********
    key: secret
    environment_variable: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
log_options:
  folder_id: b1g681qpemb4********
concurrency: "1"

  1. In the configuration file, describe the function parameters:

    resource "yandex_function" "copy-function" {
  name               = "copy-functionn"
  user_hash          = "first function"
  runtime            = "bash"
  entrypoint         = "handler.sh"
  memory             = "128"
  execution_timeout  = "600"
  service_account_id = "<service_account_ID>"
  environment = {
    DST_BUCKET  = "<backup_bucket_name>"
    S3_ENDPOINT = "https://storage.yandexcloud.net"
  }
  secrets = {
    id = "<secret_ID>"
    version_id = "<secret_version_ID>"
    key = "key_id"
    environment_variable = "AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"
  }
  secrets = {
    id = "<secret_ID>"
    version_id = "<secret_version_ID>"
    key = "secret"
    environment_variable = "AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"
  }
  content {
    zip_filename = "./handler-sh.zip"
  }
}

    Where:

    • name: Function name.
    • user_hash: Any string to identify the function version.
    • runtime: Function runtime environment.
    • entrypoint: Entry point.
    • memory: Amount of memory allocated for the function, in MB.
    • execution_timeout: Function execution timeout.
    • service_account_id: s3-copy-fn service account ID.
    • environment: Environment variables.
    • secrets: Secret with parts of the static access key.
    • content: Path to the handler-sh.zip archive with the function source code.

    For more information about the yandex_function resource parameters, see the provider documentation.

  2. Make sure the configuration files are correct.

    1. In the command line, go to the folder where you created the configuration file.

    2. Run a check using this command:

      terraform plan

    If the configuration is described correctly, the terminal will display a list of created resources and their parameters. If the configuration contains any errors, Terraform will point them out.

  3. Deploy cloud resources.

    1. If the configuration does not contain any errors, run this command:

      terraform apply

    2. Confirm creating the function: type yes in the terminal and press Enter.

To create a function, use the create REST API method for the Function resource or the FunctionService/Create gRPC API call.

To create a function version, use the createVersion REST API method for the Function resource or the FunctionService/CreateVersion gRPC API call.

Create a trigger

Create a trigger for Object Storage that will invoke copy-function when you create a new object in the main bucket.

  1. In the management console, select the folder where you want to create a trigger.

  2. In the list of services, select Cloud Functions.

  3. In the left-hand panel, select Triggers.

  4. Click Create trigger.

  5. Under Basic settings:

    • Specify a name for the trigger: bucket-to-bucket-copying.
    • In the Type field, select Object Storage.
    • In the Launched resource field, select Function.

  6. Under Object Storage settings:

    • Select the main bucket in the Bucket field.
    • In the Event types field, select Create object.

  7. Under Function settings:

    • In the Function field, select copy-function.
    • In the Service account field, select the s3-copy-trigger service account.

  8. Click Create trigger.

Run this command:

yc serverless trigger create object-storage \
  --name bucket-to-bucket-copying \
  --bucket-id <main_bucket_name> \
  --events 'create-object' \
  --invoke-function-name copy-function \
  --invoke-function-service-account-name s3-copy-trigger

Where:

  • --name: Trigger name.
  • --bucket-id: Name of the main bucket.
  • --events: Events activating the trigger.
  • --invoke-function-name: Name of the function being invoked.
  • --invoke-function-service-account-name: Name of the service account to use for invoking the function.

Result:

id: a1s92agr8mpg********
folder_id: b1g88tflru0e********
created_at: "2024-10-21T21:04:01.866959640Z"
name: bucket-to-bucket-copying
rule:
  object_storage:
    event_type:
      - OBJECT_STORAGE_EVENT_TYPE_CREATE_OBJECT
    bucket_id: <main_bucket_name>
    batch_settings:
      size: "1"
      cutoff: 1s
    invoke_function:
      function_id: d4eofc7n0m03********
      function_tag: $latest
      service_account_id: aje3932acd0c********
status: ACTIVE

  1. In the configuration file, describe the trigger parameters:

    resource "yandex_function_trigger" "my_trigger" {
  name        = "bucket-to-bucket-copying"
  object_storage {
      bucket_id = "<main_bucket_name>"
      create    = true
  }
  function {
    id                 = "<function_ID>"
    service_account_id = "<service_account_ID>"
  }
}

    Where:

    • name: Trigger name.
    • object_storage: Storage parameters:
      • bucket_id: Name of the main bucket.
      • create: Trigger will invoke the function when a new object is created in the storage.
    • function: Settings for the function which the trigger will activate:
      • id: copy-function function ID.
      • service_account_id: s3-copy-trigger service account ID.

    For more information about resource parameters in Terraform, see the provider documentation.

  2. Make sure the configuration files are correct.

    1. In the command line, go to the folder where you created the configuration file.

    2. Run a check using this command:

      terraform plan

    If the configuration is described correctly, the terminal will display a list of created resources and their parameters. If the configuration contains any errors, Terraform will point them out.

  3. Deploy cloud resources.

    1. If the configuration does not contain any errors, run this command:

      terraform apply

    2. Confirm creating the trigger: type yes in the terminal and press Enter.

To create a trigger for Object Storage, use the create method for the Trigger resource or the TriggerService/Create gRPC API call.

Test the function

  1. In the management console, go to the folder where the main bucket is located.
  2. In the list of services, select Object Storage.
  3. Click the name of the main bucket.
  4. In the top-right corner, click Upload.
  5. In the window that opens, select the required files and click Open.
  6. The management console will display all objects selected for upload. Click Upload.
  7. Refresh the page.
  8. Go to the backup bucket and make sure it contains the files you added.

How to delete the resources you created

To stop paying for the resources you created:

  1. Delete the objects from the buckets.
  2. Delete the buckets.
  3. Delete the bucket-to-bucket-copying trigger.
  4. Delete the copy-function function.
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