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Running a Docker image on a VM using Terraform

Written by
Updated at November 8, 2024

To run a Docker image on a VM using a Yandex Container Registry registry via Terraform:

  1. Prepare your cloud.
  2. Create an infrastructure.
  3. Build and upload the Docker image to Container Registry.
  4. Download the Docker image to a VM.
  5. Check the result.

If you no longer need the resources you created, delete them.

Prepare your cloud

Sign up for Yandex Cloud and create a billing account:

  1. Go to the management console and log in to Yandex Cloud or create an account if you do not have one yet.
  2. On the Yandex Cloud Billing page, make sure you have a billing account linked and it has the ACTIVE or TRIAL_ACTIVE status. If you do not have a billing account, create one.

If you have an active billing account, you can go to the cloud page to create or select a folder for your infrastructure to operate in.

Learn more about clouds and folders.

The infrastructure support costs include:

Configure the environment

  1. Install the Yandex Cloud command line interface.
  2. Prepare an SSH key for VM access.
  3. Create a registry in Container Registry and upload a Docker image into it for testing.
  4. Install and configure Docker.

Create an infrastructure

Terraform allows you to quickly create a cloud infrastructure in Yandex Cloud and manage it using configuration files. Configuration files store the infrastructure description in the HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL). Terraform and its providers are distributed under the Business Source License.

For more information about the provider resources, see the documentation on the Terraform website or the mirror.

If you change the configuration files, Terraform automatically detects which part of your configuration is already deployed, and what should be added or removed.

To create an infrastructure using Terraform:

  1. Install Terraform, get the authentication credentials, and specify the source for installing the Yandex Cloud provider (see Configure a provider, step 1).

  2. Prepare files with the infrastructure description:

    1. Clone the repository with configuration files:

      git clone https://github.com/yandex-cloud-examples/yc-run-docker-on-vm.git

    2. Go to the directory with the repository. There you should see the run-docker-on-vm-config.tf file with the configuration of the infrastructure to create.

    1. Create a directory for the file with the infrastructure description.

    2. In the directory, create a configuration file named run-docker-on-vm.tf:

      Contents of the run-docker-on-vm.tf file
      # Declaring variables for confidential parameters

locals {
  zone             = "<default_availability_zone>"
  username         = "<VM_user_name>"
  ssh_key_path     = "<path_to_public_SSH_key>"
  target_folder_id = "<ID_of_folder_to_place_VM_in>"
  registry_name    = "<registry_name>"
  sa_name          = "<service_account_name>"
  network_name     = "<cloud_network_name>"
  subnet_name      = "<subnet_name>"
  vm_name          = "<VM_name>"
  image_id         = "<image_ID>"
}

# Configuring a provider

terraform {
  required_providers {
    yandex    = {
      source  = "yandex-cloud/yandex"
      version = ">= 0.47.0"
    }
  }
}

provider "yandex" {
  zone = local.zone
}

# Creating a Container Registry repository

resource "yandex_container_registry" "my-registry" {
  name       = local.registry_name
  folder_id  = local.target_folder_id
}

# Creating a service account

resource "yandex_iam_service_account" "registry-sa" {
  name      = local.sa_name
  folder_id = local.target_folder_id
}

# Assigning roles to a service account

resource "yandex_resourcemanager_folder_iam_member" "registry-sa-role-images-puller" {
  folder_id = local.target_folder_id
  role      = "container-registry.images.puller"
  member    = "serviceAccount:${yandex_iam_service_account.registry-sa.id}"
}

# Creating a cloud network

resource "yandex_vpc_network" "docker-vm-network" {
  name = local.network_name
}

# Creating a subnet

resource "yandex_vpc_subnet" "docker-vm-network-subnet-a" {
  name           = local.subnet_name
  zone           = local.zone
  v4_cidr_blocks = ["192.168.1.0/24"]
  network_id     = yandex_vpc_network.docker-vm-network.id
}

# Creating a boot disk

resource "yandex_compute_disk" "boot-disk" {
  name     = "bootvmdisk"
  type     = "network-hdd"
  zone     = local.zone
  size     = "10"
  image_id = local.image_id
}

# Creating a VM instance

resource "yandex_compute_instance" "docker-vm" {
  name               = local.vm_name
  platform_id        = "standard-v3"
  zone               = local.zone
  service_account_id = "${yandex_iam_service_account.registry-sa.id}"

  resources {
    cores  = 2
    memory = 2
  }

  boot_disk {
    disk_id = yandex_compute_disk.boot-disk.id
  }

  network_interface {
    subnet_id = "${yandex_vpc_subnet.docker-vm-network-subnet-a.id}"
    nat       = true
  }

  metadata = {
    user-data = "#cloud-config\nusers:\n  - name: ${local.username}\n    groups: sudo\n    shell: /bin/bash\n    sudo: 'ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL'\n    ssh_authorized_keys:\n      - ${file("${local.ssh_key_path}")}"
  }
}

    For more information about the parameters of resources used in Terraform, see the provider documentation:

  3. Under locals, set the parameters for resources to create:

    • zone: Availability zone that will host the VM.
    • username: Name of the user to be created on the VM.
    • ssh_key_path: Path to the file with a public SSH key to authenticate the user on the VM. For more information, see Creating an SSH key pair.
    • target_folder_id: ID of the folder to host the VM.
    • registry_name: Container Registry registry name.
    • sa_name: Service account name.
    • network_name: Name of the cloud network.
    • subnet_name: Subnet name.
    • vm_name: VM name.
    • image_id: ID of the image to create the VM from. For more information, see Getting a list of public images.

  4. Create resources:

    1. In the terminal, change to the folder where you edited the configuration file.

    2. Make sure the configuration file is correct using the command:

      terraform validate

      If the configuration is correct, the following message is returned:

      Success! The configuration is valid.

    3. Run the command:

      terraform plan

      The terminal will display a list of resources with parameters. No changes are made at this step. If the configuration contains errors, Terraform will point them out.

    4. Apply the configuration changes:

      terraform apply

    5. Confirm the changes: type yes in the terminal and press Enter.

After creating the infrastructure, build and upload the Docker image to Container Registry.

Build and upload the Docker image to Container Registry

  1. To make command execution easier, add the following variables:

    • Username and your VM's public IP to the ${PUBLIC_IP} variable:

      export PUBLIC_IP=<username>@<VM_public_IP_address>

    • ID of the previously created registry in crpc9qeoft23******** format to the ${REGISTRY_ID} variable:

      export REGISTRY_ID=<registry_ID>

  2. Authenticate as yourself:

    1. If you do not have an OAuth token yet, get one by following this link.

    2. Run this command:

      echo <OAuth_token> | docker login --username oauth --password-stdin cr.yandex

      Result:

      Login succeeded

    Note

    The IAM token has a short lifetime: no more than 12 hours. This makes it a good method for applications that automatically request an IAM token.

    1. Get an Identity and Access Management token.

    2. Run this command:

      yc iam create-token | docker login --username iam --password-stdin cr.yandex

      Result:

      ...
Login succeeded

    1. If you do not have a YC CLI profile yet, create one.

    2. Configure Docker to use docker-credential-yc:

      yc container registry configure-docker

      Result:

      Credential Helper is configured in '/home/<user>/.docker/config.json'

      Settings are saved in the current user's profile.

      Warning

      Credential Helper only works when using Docker without sudo. You can learn how to configure Docker to run under current user without sudo in the official documentation.

    3. Make sure that Docker is configured.

      The following line must appear in the /home/<user>/.docker/config.json configuration file:

      "cr.yandex": "yc"

    4. You can now use Docker, for example, to push Docker images. You do not need to run the docker login command for that.

  3. Create a file called Dockerfile:

    touch .dockerfile

  4. Open Dockerfile in a text editor, e.g.:

    nano .dockerfile

  5. Add the lines below to the file:

    FROM ubuntu:latest
CMD echo "Hi, I'm inside"

  6. Build a Docker image:

    docker build . -t cr.yandex/${REGISTRY_ID}/ubuntu:hello -f .dockerfile

    Result:

    ...
Successfully built b68ee9b6b1af
Successfully tagged cr.yandex/crpmnjr98tm5********/ubuntu:hello

  7. Push the built Docker image to Container Registry:

    docker push cr.yandex/${REGISTRY_ID}/ubuntu:hello

    Result:

    The push refers to repository [cr.yandex/crpc9qeoft23********/ubuntu]
cc9d18e90faa: Pushed
0c2689e3f920: Pushed
47dde53750b4: Pushed
hello: digest: sha256:42068479274f1d4c7ea095482430dcba24dcfe8c23ebdf6d32305928******** size: 943

Download the Docker image to the VM

  1. Use SSH to connect to the VM.

  2. Authenticate under the service account tied to the machine:

    curl --header Metadata-Flavor:Google 169.254.169.254/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/default/token | \
cut -f1 -d',' | \
cut -f2 -d':' | \
tr -d '"' | \
docker login --username iam --password-stdin cr.yandex

    Result:

    Login Succeeded

  3. Download the Docker image to the VM:

    docker pull cr.yandex/${REGISTRY_ID}/ubuntu:hello

    Result:

    hello: Pulling from crpc9qeoft23********/ubuntu
6a5697faee43: Pulling fs layer
ba13d3bc422b: Pulling fs layer
...
Digest: sha256:42068479274f1d4c7ea095482430dcba24dcfe8c23ebdf6d32305928********
Status: Downloaded newer image for cr.yandex/crpc9qeoft23********/ubuntu:hello
cr.yandex/crpc9qeoft23********/ubuntu:hello

Check the result

Run the Docker image on the VM:

docker run cr.yandex/${REGISTRY_ID}/ubuntu:hello

Result:

Hi, I'm inside

How to delete the resources you created

To delete the infrastructure and stop paying for the resources you created:

  1. Open the run-docker-on-vm-config.tf configuration file and delete from it the description of the infrastructure you created.

  2. Apply the changes:

    1. In the terminal, change to the folder where you edited the configuration file.

    2. Make sure the configuration file is correct using the command:

      terraform validate

      If the configuration is correct, the following message is returned:

      Success! The configuration is valid.

    3. Run the command:

      terraform plan

      The terminal will display a list of resources with parameters. No changes are made at this step. If the configuration contains errors, Terraform will point them out.

    4. Apply the configuration changes:

      terraform apply

    5. Confirm the changes: type yes in the terminal and press Enter.

See also

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Management console, CLI, and API
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Signing and verifying Docker images in Managed Service for Kubernetes