Creating a WordPress website with a MySQL® database cluster using the management console
To create an infrastructure for a WordPress website with a MySQL® database cluster using the Yandex Cloud management console:
To set up a WordPress website with a MySQL® cluster:
- Prepare your cloud.
- Create a VM for WordPress.
- Create a MySQL® DB cluster.
- Configure Nginx web server.
- Install WordPress and additional components.
- Complete WordPress configuration.
- Configure the DNS.
- Test the website.
If you no longer need the resources you created, delete them.
Prepare your cloud
Sign up for Yandex Cloud and create a billing account:
- Go to the management console
and log in to Yandex Cloud or create an account if you do not have one yet. - On the Yandex Cloud Billing
page, make sure you have a billing account linked and it has theACTIVE
orTRIAL_ACTIVE
status. If you do not have a billing account, create one.
If you have an active billing account, you can go to the cloud page
Learn more about clouds and folders.
Required paid resources
The cost of hosting your WordPress website with a MySQL® cluster includes:
- Fee for a continuously running VM (see Yandex Compute Cloud pricing).
- Fee for a MySQL® DB cluster (see Yandex Managed Service for MySQL® pricing).
- Fee for using a dynamic or static external IP address (see Yandex Virtual Private Cloud pricing).
- Fee for public DNS queries and DNS zones (see Yandex Cloud DNS pricing).
Create a VM for WordPress
To create a VM for WordPress:
-
On the folder page in the management console
, click Create resource and select Virtual machine instance. -
In the Name field, enter the VM name:
wp-mysql-tutorial-web
. -
Select an availability zone to place your VM in.
-
Under Boot disk image, go to the Marketplace tab and select a Debian 11, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, or CentOS 7 public image.
-
Under Computing resources on the Custom tab:
- Choose a platform.
- Specify the required number of vCPUs and the amount of RAM:
- vCPU:
2
- Guaranteed vCPU performance:
20%
- RAM:
2 GB
- vCPU:
-
Under Network settings:
- Select the network and subnet to connect your VM to. If you have no network or subnet, create them directly on the VM creation page.
- Under Public IP, keep
Auto
to assign your VM a random external IP address from the Yandex Cloud pool, or select a static address from the list if you reserved one in advance.
-
Under Access, specify the information required to access the instance:
-
In the Login field, enter the username, e.g.,
yc-user
. -
In the SSH key field, paste the contents of the public key file.
You need to create a key pair for the SSH connection yourself. To learn how, see Connecting to a VM via SSH.
Alert
Once created, the VM gets an IP address and a host name (FQDN) for connections. If you selected
No address
in the Public IP field, you will not be able to access the VM from the internet. -
-
Click Create VM.
It may take a few minutes to create a VM. When the VM status changes to RUNNING
, you can proceed to the next step.
Once created, the VM is assigned an IP address and a host name (FQDN). This data can be used for SSH access.
Create a MySQL® DB cluster
To create a MySQL® DB cluster:
-
On the folder page in the management console
, click Create resource and select MySQL cluster. -
In the Cluster name field, enter the name:
wp-mysql-tutorial-db-cluster
. -
Under Host class, select
s3-c2-m8
. -
Under Size of storage, enter
10 GB
. -
Under Database:
- In the DB name field, enter
wp-mysql-tutorial-db
. - In the Username field, enter
wordpress
. - In the Password field, enter the password you will use to access the DB.
- In the DB name field, enter
-
Under Network settings, select the network your cluster will be connected to.
-
Under Hosts, add two more hosts in the other availability zones. When creating hosts, do not enable Public access for them.
-
Under DBMS settings, click Settings.
In the default_authentication_plugin field, select
mysql_native_password
and click Save. -
Click Create cluster.
Creating a DB cluster may take a few minutes.
Configure Nginx web server
After the wp-mysql-tutorial-web
VM's status changes to RUNNING
:
-
Under Network on the VM page in the management console
, find the VM's public IP address. -
Connect to the VM via SSH. You can use the
ssh
utility in Linux or macOS, or PuTTY in Windows.The recommended authentication method when connecting over SSH is using a key pair. Make sure to configure the generated key pair so that the private key matches the public key sent to the VM.
-
Install Nginx, PHP-FPM process manager, and additional packages:
Debian/UbuntuCentOSsudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y nginx-full php-fpm php-mysql sudo systemctl enable nginx
sudo yum -y install epel-release sudo yum -y install nginx sudo rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm sudo yum -y --enablerepo=remi-php74 install php php-mysql php-xml php-soap php-xmlrpc php-mbstring php-json php-gd php-mcrypt sudo yum -y --enablerepo=remi-php74 install php-fpm sudo systemctl enable nginx sudo systemctl enable php-fpm
-
Use the Nginx configuration files to configure the web server:
Debian/UbuntuCentOS-
You can edit files in the
nano
editor:sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/wordpress
-
Edit the file as follows:
server { listen 80 default_server; root /var/www/wordpress; index index.php; server_name <DNS-server_name>; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; } error_page 404 /404.html; error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } }
-
Allow launching your site:
sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/wordpress /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
You can edit the files
nginx.conf
andwordpress.conf
in thenano
editor:-
Open
nginx.conf
:sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
-
Edit the file as follows:
user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; }
-
Open
wordpress.conf
:sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/wordpress.conf
-
Edit the file as follows:
server { listen 80 default_server; root /usr/share/nginx/wordpress/; index index.php; server_name <DNS-server_name>; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; } error_page 404 /404.html; error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } }
-
Install WordPress and additional components
-
Download and unpack the latest WordPress version:
Debian/UbuntuCentOSwget https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz tar -xzf latest.tar.gz mv wordpress/wp-config-sample.php wordpress/wp-config.php sudo mv wordpress /var/www/wordpress sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/wordpress
curl https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz --output latest.tar.gz tar -xzf latest.tar.gz mv wordpress/wp-config-sample.php wordpress/wp-config.php sudo mv wordpress /usr/share/nginx/wordpress sudo chown -R nginx:nginx /usr/share/nginx/wordpress/
Change the SELinux settings:
sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t "/usr/share/nginx/wordpress(/.*)?" sudo semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_rw_content_t "/usr/share/nginx/wordpress(/.*)?" sudo restorecon -R /usr/share/nginx/wordpress sudo setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1
-
Get WordPress security keys:
curl -s https://api.wordpress.org/secret-key/1.1/salt/
Save the command output. You will need the keys in the next step.
-
Add the security keys to the WordPress configuration file
wp-config.php
. You can edit files in thenano
editor:Debian/UbuntuCentOSsudo nano /var/www/wordpress/wp-config.php
sudo nano /usr/share/nginx/wordpress/wp-config.php
Replace the configuration section for the values from the previous step:
define('AUTH_KEY', 't vz,|............R lZ5]'); define('SECURE_AUTH_KEY', '@r&pPD............dK-A%='); define('LOGGED_IN_KEY', '%6TuLl............9>/dNE'); define('NONCE_KEY', 'DO(u.H............$?ja-e'); define('AUTH_SALT', '|G Vo<............Xeb.~y'); define('SECURE_AUTH_SALT', 'Y5tIYA............7Lxf8J'); define('LOGGED_IN_SALT', 'gR]>WZ............<>|;YY'); define('NONCE_SALT', '=]nQIb............HLT2:9');
-
Go to the cluster connection configuration section
wp-mysql-tutorial-db-cluster
:// ** MySQL® settings - You can get this info from your web host. ** // /** The name of the database for WordPress. */ define( 'DB_NAME', '<DB_NAME>' ); /** MySQL® database username. */ define( 'DB_USER', '<DB_USER>' ); /** MySQL® database password. */ define( 'DB_PASSWORD', '<DB_PASSWORD>' ); /** MySQL® hostname. */ define( 'DB_HOST', '<DB_HOST>' );
Replace the placeholders in the file:
-
<DB_NAME>
: DB name,wp-mysql-tutorial-db
. -
<DB_USER>
:wordpress
username. -
<DB_PASSWORD>
: Password you set when creating a database cluster. -
<DB_HOST>
: MySQL® host name inXXXX-XXXXXXXXXX.mdb.yandexcloud.net
format.To find out the FQDN of your MySQL® host:
Management consoleCLI- Go to the MySQL® cluster page in the management console
. - On the Databases tab next to the DB, click
→ Connect. - Locate the
mysql --host=ХХХХ-ХХХХХХХХХХ.mdb.yandexcloud.net
line, whereХХХХ-ХХХХХХХХХХ.mdb.yandexcloud.net
is the FQDN of theMASTER
host.
Get a host list and copy the
NAME
of theMASTER
host:yc managed-mysql host list --cluster-name <MySQL®_cluster_name>
+------------------------+----------------------+---------+--------+-------------------+-----------+ | NAME | CLUSTER ID | ROLE | HEALTH | ZONE ID | PUBLIC IP | +------------------------+----------------------+---------+--------+-------------------+-----------+ | rc1a-...mdb.yandexcloud.net | c9quhb1l32unm1sdn0in | MASTER | ALIVE | ru-central1-a | false | | rc1b-...mdb.yandexcloud.net | c9quhb1l32unm1sdn0in | REPLICA | ALIVE | ru-central1-b | false | +------------------------+----------------------+---------+--------+-------------------+-----------+
- Go to the MySQL® cluster page in the management console
-
-
Restart Nginx and PHP-FPM:
Debian/UbuntuCentOSsudo systemctl restart nginx.service sudo systemctl restart php7.4-fpm.service
sudo systemctl restart nginx.service sudo systemctl restart php-fpm.service
Complete WordPress configuration
- Under Network on the VM page in the management console
, find the VM's public IP address. - Open the VM by entering its address in your browser.
- Select the language and click Continue.
- Fill out information to access the website:
- Enter any website name, for example,
wp-your-project
. - Specify the username to be used to log in to the admin panel (for example,
admin
). - Enter the password to be used to log in to the admin panel.
- Enter your email address.
- Enter any website name, for example,
- Click Install WordPress.
- If the installation is successful, click Log in.
- Log in to the website with the username and password specified in the previous steps. This will open the admin panel where you can start working with your website.
Configure the DNS
If you have a registered domain name, use the Cloud DNS service to manage the domain.
The tutorial below describes configuring DNS for the example.com
domain name.
Add a DNS zone
To add a public DNS zone:
Add resource records
Create DNS records in the public zone:
- Under Network on the VM page in the management console
, find the VM's public IP address. - Create an A record:
- Open the Cloud DNS section of the folder containing the
example.com
DNS zone. - Select the
example.com
DNS zone from the list. - Click Create record.
- Set the record parameters:
- Name: Leave empty.
- Type: Keep
А
as the value. - Data: Enter your VM's public address.
- TTL (in seconds) (record time to live): Keep the default value.
- Click Create.
- Open the Cloud DNS section of the folder containing the
- Create a CNAME record:
- Select the
example.com
DNS zone from the list. - Click Create record.
- Set the record parameters:
- Name:
www
. - Type: Keep
CNAME
as the value. - Data: Enter
example.com
. - TTL (in seconds) (record time to live): Keep the default value.
- Name:
- Click Create.
- Select the
Delegate the domain name
Delegation is the transfer of authority from the registrar's servers to yours. For a domain, NS resource records are created (ns1.yandexcloud.net
and ns2.yandexcloud.net
).
To delegate a domain, specify its DNS servers in the registrar's account.
Delegation does not take effect immediately. It usually takes up to 24 hours (86,400 seconds) for internet service providers to update records. This depends on the TTL value which specifies how long domain records are cached.
You can check domain delegation using Whoisdig
utility:
dig +short NS example.com
Result:
ns2.yandexcloud.net.
ns1.yandexcloud.net.
Test the website
To test the site, enter its IP address or domain name in your browser:
http://<public_IP_of_VM>
http://www.example.com
To access the WordPress control panel, use http://www.example.com/wp-admin/
.
How to delete the resources you created
To stop paying for the resources you created:
If you reserved a static public IP address for the VM, delete it.