List of TTS supported phonemes
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Updated at April 21, 2025
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TTS phonemes (wrapped in [[ ]]) are only supported for Russian (ru-RU), Uzbek (uz-UZ), and Kazakh (kz-KZ) languages.
Learn more about Russian, Uzbek, and Kazakh phonology.
See phoneme usage examples.
List of supported Russian phonemes
| IPA | Description | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Consonants | ||
b |
Velarized voiced bilabial plosive | бутон [bʊ'ton], кобра ['kobrə] |
bʲ |
Palatalized voiced bilabial plosive | бизнес [ˈbʲiznɛs], побелка [pɐˈbʲelkə] |
d |
Velarized voiced dental plosive | дар [ˈdar], Тбилиси [dbʲɪˈlʲisʲɪ], подвал [pɐdˈval] |
dʲ |
Palatalized voiced alveolar plosive | дикий [ˈdʲikʲɪj], дьяк [ˈdʲjak], надеть [nɐˈdʲetʲ], голытьба [gəlɨdʲˈba] |
f |
Velarized voiceless labiodental fricative | фантом [fɐnˈtom], вколоть [fkɐˈlotʲ], кофр [ˈkofr], плов [ˈplof] |
fʲ |
Palatalized voiceless labiodental fricative | филигранный [fʲɪlʲɪˈgranːɨj], Федор [ˈfʲɵdər], свекровь [svʲɪˈkrofʲ] |
g |
Voiced velar plosive | гром [ˈgrom], вокзал [vɐgˈzal], трогать [ˈtrogətʲ] |
ɡʲ |
Palatalized voiced velar plosive | герой [ɡʲɪ'roj], погиб [pəˈgʲip] |
j |
Palatal approximant | я['ja], вьюга ['vʲugə], пой ['poj] |
k |
Voiceless velar plosive | кость [ˈkosʲtʲ], стакан [stɐˈkan], почерк [ˈpot͡ɕɪrk], очаг [ɐˈt͡ɕak] |
kʲ |
Palatalized voiceless velar plosive | кино [kʲɪ'no], окись ['okʲisʲ] |
l |
Velarized alveolar lateral approximant | лук [ˈluk], полка [ˈpolkə], вол [ˈvol] |
lʲ |
Palatalized alveolar lateral approximant | лежать [lʲɪˈʐatʲ], полить [pɐˈlʲitʲ], боль [ˈbolʲ], пальба [pɐlʲˈba] |
m |
Velarized bilabial nasal | молоко [məlɐˈko], помыть [pɐˈmɨtʲ], ком [ˈkom] |
mʲ |
Palatalized bilabial nasal | мята ['mʲatə], знамя ['znamʲa], впрямь ['fprʲamʲ] |
n |
Velarized alveolar nasal | ноc ['nos], банан [bə'nan], стон ['ston] |
nʲ |
Palatalized alveolar nasal | няня ['nʲanʲə], конь ['konʲ] |
p |
Velarized voiceless bilabial plosive | папа ['papə], столб ['stolp] |
pʲ |
Palatalized voiceless bilabial plosive | письмо [pʲɪsʲˈmo], кипеть [kʲɪˈpʲetʲ], скорбь [ˈskorpʲ] |
r |
Velarized alveolar trill | рама ['ramə] порог [pə'rok], спор ['spor] |
rʲ |
Palatalized alveolar trill | рис ['rʲis], погреб ['pogrʲep], корь ['korʲ] |
s |
Velarized voiceless alveolar fricative | сомнения [sɐˈmnʲenʲɪjə], коса [kɐˈsa], груз [ˈgrus] |
sʲ |
Palatalized voiceless alveolar fricative | серьги [ˈsʲerʲgʲɪ], поседеть [pəsʲɪˈdʲetʲ], изморозь [ˈizmərəsʲ] |
ɕː |
Long voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative | щит ['ɕ:it], расщепить [rəɕːɪˈpʲitʲ], овощ ['ovəɕ] |
ʂ |
Voiceless post-alveolar fricative | шорох [ˈʂorəx], обошли [ɐbɐˈʂlʲi], еж [ˈjɵʂ] |
t |
Velarized voiceless dental plosive | танк ['tank], устал [ʊ'stal], плед ['plʲet] |
tʲ |
Palatalized voiceless alveolar plosive | тётя ['tʲotʲə], спать ['spatʲ] |
t͡s |
Velarized voiceless dental affricate | царь ['t͡sarʲ], яйцо [jɪjˈt͡so], конец [kə'nʲet͡s] |
t͡ɕ |
Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate | часто [ˈt͡ɕəstə], почистить [pɐˈt͡ɕisʲtʲɪtʲ], обруч [ˈobrʊt͡ɕ] |
v |
Velarized voiced labiodental fricative | важный [ˈvaʐnɨj], поворот [pəvɐˈrot] |
vʲ |
Palatalized voiced labiodental fricative | весы [vʲɪ'sɨ], подвал [pəd'val] |
x |
Voiceless velar fricative | хам [ˈxam], переход [pʲɪrʲɪˈxot], мех [ˈmʲex] |
xʲ |
Palatalized voiceless velar fricative | химия ['xʲimʲə], стихи [stʲɪ'xʲi] |
z |
Velarized voiced dental fricative | звон ['zvon], позор [pə'zor] |
zʲ |
Palatalized voiced alveolar fricative | зима [ˈzimɐ], позеленеть [pəzʲɪlʲɪˈnʲetʲ], просьба [ˈprozʲbə] |
ʐ |
Voiced post-alveolar fricative | жернова [ʐɨrnɐˈva], пожелтеть [pəʐɨlˈtʲetʲ], жалко [ˈʐalkə] |
| Vowels | ||
ə |
Schwa: any vowel sound in a posttonic syllable (the one that follows the stressed syllable) or in a non-first pretonic syllable (any one preceeding the first pretonic syllable)1 | патока [ˈpatəkə], молоко [məlɐˈko], переговоры [pʲərʲəɡɐˈvorə], мама [ˈmamə], ноты [ˈnotə], имя [ˈimʲə], поле [ˈpolʲə], звуки [ˈzvukʲə] |
a |
Open front unrounded vowel | алый [ˈalɨj], память [ˈpamʲɪtʲ], вянуть [ˈvʲaznʊtʲ], еда [jɪˈda] |
ʌ |
Near-open central vowel | орфография [ɐrfɐˈɡrafʲɪjə], каток [kɐˈtok], азот [ɐˈzot] |
ɛ |
Open-mid front unrounded vowel | эму ['ɛmʊ], песня ['pʲesnʲə], каре [kə'rɛ] |
i |
Close central unrounded vowel | истина ['istʲɪna], книга ['knʲiga], ручьи [rʊ't͡ɕji] |
ɪ |
Near-close front unrounded vowel | игла [ɪˈgla], энциклопедия [ɪnt͡sɨklɐˈpʲedʲɪjə], ленивый [lʲɪˈnʲivɨj], никто [nʲɪkˈto], кони [ˈkonʲɪ] |
ɨ |
Close central unrounded vowel | жирный [ˈʐɨrnɨj], костры [kɐˈstrɨ] |
ɔ |
Close-mid back rounded vowel | оторопь ['otərɐpʲ], корт ['kort], окно [ək'no] |
u |
Close back rounded vowel | узкий [ˈuskʲɪj], юг [ˈjuk], сумерки [ˈsumʲɪrkʲɪ], приду [prʲɪˈdu], дежавю [dɛʐɐˈvʲu] |
ʊ |
Near-close back rounded vowel | куркума [kʊrˈkumə], в реку [v] [ˈrʲekʊ], рисую [ˈrʲɪˈsujʉ] |
1 If you do not like the ə sound for ы, try changing it to the stressed ы.
2 If you do not like the sound of the non-stressed у, try changing it to the stressed у.
List of supported Uzbek phonemes
| IPA | Description | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Consonants | ||
b |
Voiced labial plosive | bor, mablag |
p |
Voiceless labial plosive | pocha, tuproq, mubtalo, kanop, kitob |
d |
Voiced dental plosive | davlat, badnom, tatbiq |
t |
Voiceless dental plosive | tirik, atrof, badtar, obod |
ɡ |
Voiced velar plosive | gap, globus |
k |
Voiceless velar plosive | kam, tag |
q |
Voiceless uvular plosive | quv, oqlash, qalpoq |
ʁ |
Voiced uvular fricative | gʼisht, togʼda, togʼ |
χ |
Voiceless uvular fricative | xabar, toʼxtamoq |
h |
Voiceless glottal fricative | har, ahvol, jarroh |
ʔ |
Voiceless glottal plosive (stop) | sanʼat, baʼzan, aʼlo, mʼano |
dʒ |
Voiced postalveolar affricate | zhabr, rivozh |
tS |
Voiceless postalveolar affricate | chunki, kechrok, yogoch |
ʃ |
Voiceless postalveolar fricative | shavkat, mashgʼul, rivojlanish |
ʋ |
Labial / labio-dental approximant | vazir, davlat, palov |
f |
Voiceless labiodental fricative | faiz, atrof |
z |
Voiced alveolar fricative | zakan, mazmun |
s |
Voiceless alveolar fricative | sabap, izchil, birpas, kuz |
m |
Labial nasal | mana, tomdirmoq, bodom |
n |
Velar nasal | nazorat, bilan |
ŋ |
Velar nasal | boring, yongʼoq |
ɾ |
Alveolar tap | ravish, qoʼrdik, bastakor |
ɫ |
Alveolar lateral approximant | lab |
j |
Palatal approximant | yogʼoch, aytmoq, majburiy |
| Vowels | ||
i |
Close front unrounded vowel | qilaman, ohir |
e |
Mid front unrounded vowel | besh |
æ |
Open front unrounded vowel | gap, kerak |
a |
Open central unrounded vowel | azob, gʻarb, qant |
ʊ |
Close back rounded vowel | bu, tur |
o |
Mid back rounded vowel | oʼzining, yoʼqol |
ɑ |
Open back rounded vowel | olim, bosh, metro |
List of supported Kazakh phonemes
| IPA | Description | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Consonants | ||
ɾ |
Voiced alveolar tap | retinde, kirw, Qaŋtar |
b |
Voiced bilabial plosive | birneşe, şeber |
v |
Voiced labiodental fricative | vïdeo, ïnterval1 |
ɡ |
Voiced velar plosive | gör, degen |
ʀ |
Voiced uvular fricative | ğumır, alğan |
d |
Voiced alveolar plosive | dep, adam |
ʒ |
Voiced postalveolar fricative | jılı, täjirïbe, täj |
z |
Voiced alveolar fricative | zat, nazar, öz |
j |
Palatal approximant | yörer, aytw, sonday |
k |
Voiceless velar plosive | küşti, ekide, kerek |
q |
Voiceless uvular plosive | qayda, qasqa, mıltıq |
l |
Dentoalveolar lateral approximant (velarised ) | layıq, twralı, ol |
ɫ |
Alveolar lateral approximant | lezde, bölim, bel |
m |
Voiced bilabial nasal | mıs, emes, soqtım |
n |
Voiced alveolar nasal | negizinde, jäne, mümkin |
ŋ |
Voiced velar nasal | ŋgime, jaŋa, özenniŋ |
p |
Unvoiced bilabial plosive | pikir, jospar, bolıp |
ɾ |
Voiced alveolar trill | rwx, burw, jer |
s |
Unvoiced alveolar fricative | süyedim, nesi, jas |
t |
Unvoiced alveolar plosive | tayaw, beti, at |
f |
Unvoiced labiodental fricative | forma, ïnflyacïya, tarïf1 |
h |
Unvoiced glottal fricative | häm, şahar |
x |
Unvoiced velar fricative | xatşı, rwxında, tarïx |
tʃ |
Unvoiced alveolar affricate | çex, oçerk, matç1 |
ʃ |
Unvoiced postalveolar fricative | şeşe, aşçı, ağaş |
ʔ |
Palatalisation signifier | rel**’ef, ctïl’**2 |
| Vowels | ||
w |
Close-mid back rounded vowel | wızday, jolawşı, jürw |
u |
Close back rounded vowel | ul, jeruyıq, bu |
ʊ |
Mid-centralised close back rounded vowel | tün, soltüstik |
ɵ |
Close-mid central rounded vowel | köl, jekkörinişti |
o |
Close-mid back rounded vowel | bolw |
ɑ |
Open back unrounded vowel | bas, qabaq, jïırma |
a |
Open front unrounded vowel | alaŋ, adam, jayında |
æ |
Near-open front unrounded vowel | dän, kinälaw, beykünä |
ə |
Mid-central unrounded vowel | ıqılas, qatırw, jılı |
e |
Close-mid front unrounded vowel | jel, qızmet, özgeşe |
ɪ |
Mid-centralised close front unrounded vowel | din, kökirek, türi |
1 Used mainly in loan words.
2 Used mainly in loan words in the same way as the soft sign in Russian.