List of SSML supported phonemes
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Updated at April 21, 2025
Note
SpeechKit is designed for natural speech synthesis. Marking up data for speech synthesis helps set up pronunciation of separate words, phrases, and sentences. However, it is not intended for generating separate sounds and silence.
The markup in the text will serve as a cue for synthesis, not as a direct instruction.
SSML phonemes (the <phoneme> tag) are only supported for Russian (ru-RU).
You can find more information about Russian phonology here.
See phoneme usage examples.
| IPA | X-SAMPA | Description | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consonants | |||
| b | b | voiced bilabial plosive | рыба [rɨbə] |
| bʲ | b' | palatalized voiced bilabial plosive | бюро [bʲʊro] |
| d | d | voiced alveolar plosive | дом [dom] |
| dʲ | d' | palatalized voiced alveolar plosive | дядя [dʲadʲə] |
| f | f | voiceless labiodental fricative | форт [fort] |
| fʲ | f' | palatalized voiceless labiodental fricative | финал [fʲɪnal] |
| g | g | voiced velar plosive | гол [gol] |
| ɡʲ | g' | palatalized voiced velar plosive | герой [ɡʲɪroj] |
| j | j | palatal approximant | я [ja], дизайн [dʲzajn] |
| k | k | voiceless velar plosive | кот [kot], ку [ku] |
| kʲ | k' | palatalized voiceless velar plosive | кино [kʲɪno], кю [kʲu] |
| l | l | alveolar lateral approximant | луч [lʊt͡ɕ] |
| lʲ | l' | palatalized alveolar lateral approximant | лес [lʲes] |
| m | m | bilabial nasal | мама [mamə] |
| mʲ | m' | palatalized bilabial nasal | меч [mʲet͡ɕ] |
| n | n | alveolar nasal | нос [nos] |
| nʲ | n' | palatalized alveolar nasal | няня [nʲanʲə] |
| p | p | voiceless bilabial plosive | папа [papə] |
| pʲ | p' | palatalized voiceless bilabial plosive | пена [pʲenə] |
| r | r | alveolar trill | рок [rok] |
| rʲ | r' | palatalized alveolar trill | рис [rʲis] |
| s | s | voiceless alveolar fricative | суд [sʊd] |
| sʲ | s' | palatalized voiceless alveolar fricative | сено [sʲenə], русь [rʊsʲ] |
| ɕ: | s: | long voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative | щит [ɕ:it] |
| ʂ | s` | voiceless retroflex fricative | шест [ʂest] |
| t | t | voiceless alveolar plosive | танк [tank] |
| tʲ | t' | palatalized voiceless alveolar plosive | тётя [tʲotʲə] |
| t͡s | ts | voiced alveolar affricate | царь [t͡sarʲ] |
| t͡ɕ | ts\ | voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate | чуть [t͡ɕʉtʲ] |
| v | v | voiced labiodental fricative | вон [von] |
| vʲ | v' | palatalized voiced labiodental fricative | весы [vʲɪsɨ] |
| x | x | voiceless velar fricative | хор [xor] |
| xʲ | x' | palatalized voiceless velar fricative | химия [xʲimʲə] |
| z | z | voiced alveolar fricative | зуб [zub] |
| zʲ | z' | palatalized voiced alveolar fricative | зима [zʲɪma] |
| ʑ: | z: | long voiced alveolo-palatal fricative | езжу [jeʑːʊ], вожжи [voʑ:ɨ] |
| ʐ | z` | voiced retroflex fricative | жена [ʐɨna] |
| Vowels | |||
| ə | @ | Schwa: mid central vowel | корова [kɐrovə], молоко [məlɐ′ko] |
| a | a | open front unrounded vowel | там [tam], мяч [mʲat͡ɕ], яма [jamə] |
| ɐ | 6 | near-open central vowel | каравай [kərɐvaj], голова [gəlɐva] |
| e | e | close-mid front unrounded vowel | печь [pʲet͡ɕ] |
| ɛ | E | open-mid front unrounded vowel | это [ɛtə] |
| i | i | close front unrounded vowel | лист [lʲist] |
| ɪ | I | near-close front unrounded vowel | дерево [dʲerʲɪvə] |
| ɨ | I\ | near-close central unrounded vowel | жена [ʐɨna] |
| ɨ | 1 | close central unrounded vowel | рыло [rɨlə] |
| o | o | close-mid back rounded vowel | кот [kot] |
| u | u | close back rounded vowel | муж [muʂ], вьюга [vʲugə] |
| ʊ | U | near-close back rounded vowel | сухой [sʊxo̞j], мужчина [mʊɕːinə] |