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Adding a rule to a security profile

Written by
Updated at August 26, 2025

You can add basic rules, as well as Smart Protection and WAF rules, to a security profile. ARL rules are added to an ARL profile.

  1. In the management console, select the folder containing the security profile.

  2. In the list of services, select Smart Web Security.

  3. Select the profile where you want to add a rule.

  4. Click Add rule and in the window that opens:

    1. Name the rule.

    2. Optionally, provide a description.

    3. Set the rule priority. The rule you add will have a higher priority than the preconfigured rules.

      Note

      The smaller the value, the higher is the rule priority. The priorities for preconfigured rules are as follows:

      • Basic default rule: 1000000.
      • Smart Protection rule providing full protection: 999900.

    4. Optionally, enable Only logging (dry run) if you want only to log data about the traffic matching the specified conditions without applying any actions to it.

    5. Select the rule type:

      • Base: Allows, denies, or forwards traffic to Yandex SmartCaptcha under specified conditions.

      • Smart Protection: Sends traffic for automatic processing by machine learning and behavioral analysis algorithms and redirects suspicious requests to Yandex SmartCaptcha for additional verification.

      • Web Application Firewall: Integrates rules from a WAF profile and redirects suspicious requests to Yandex SmartCaptcha.

        For a WAF rule, select or create a WAF profile.

    6. Select an action:

      • For a basic rule:

        • Deny.
        • Allow.
        • Show CAPTCHA: To show the CAPTCHA selected in the security profile.

      • For a Smart Protection or WAF rule:

        • Full protection: To redirect suspicious requests to SmartCaptcha after verification.
        • API protection: To block suspicious requests after verification.

    7. Under Conditions for traffic, specify the traffic the rule will apply to:

      • All traffic: Rule will apply to all traffic.

      • On condition: Rule will apply to the traffic defined in the Conditions field:

        • IP: IP address, IP address range, IP address region, or address list.
        • HTTP header: HTTP header string.
        • Request URI: Request path.
        • Host: Domain receiving the request.
        • HTTP method: Request method.
        • Cookie: Cookie header string.

        You can set multiple conditions by selecting all the condition types you need in the Conditions field.

        You can also set multiple conditions of the same type by clicking and or or in the section with the condition you need.

        To delete a condition, click .

    8. Click Add.

If you do not have the Yandex Cloud CLI installed yet, install and initialize it.

By default, the CLI uses the folder specified when creating the profile. To change the default folder, use the yc config set folder-id <folder_ID> command. You can also set a different folder for any specific command using the --folder-name or --folder-id parameter.

  1. To view a list of current security profiles in the default folder, run this command:

    yc smartwebsecurity security-profile list

    Result:

    +----------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------+------------+-------------+
|          ID          |       NAME        |       CREATED       | DEFAULT ACTION | CAPTCHA ID | RULES COUNT |
+----------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------+------------+-------------+
| fev3s055oq64******** | my-new-profile    | 2024-08-05 06:57:18 | DENY           |            |           1 |
| fevlqk8vei9p******** | my-sample-profile | 2024-08-05 06:57:28 | DENY           |            |           2 |
+----------------------+-------------------+---------------------+----------------+------------+-------------+

  2. Update the security profile by applying the YAML configuration with both the current and new security rules required for the profile:

    1. To get the YAML configuration for the current security rules in the profile, run this command specifying the security profile name or ID:

      yc smartwebsecurity security-profile get <security_profile_name_or_ID>
      Result:
      id: fev450d61ucv********
folder_id: b1gt6g8ht345********
cloud_id: b1gia87mbaom********
labels:
  label1: value1
  label2: value2
name: my-new-profile
description: my description
default_action: DENY
security_rules:
  - name: rule-condition-deny
    priority: "11111"
    dry_run: true
    rule_condition:
      action: DENY
      condition:
        authority:
          authorities:
            - exact_match: example.com
            - exact_match: example.net
        http_method:
          http_methods:
            - exact_match: GET
            - exact_match: POST
        request_uri:
          path:
            prefix_match: /search
          queries:
            - key: firstname
              value:
                pire_regex_match: .ivan.
            - key: lastname
              value:
                pire_regex_not_match: .petr.
        headers:
          - name: User-Agent
            value:
              pire_regex_match: .curl.
          - name: Referer
            value:
              pire_regex_not_match: .bot.
        source_ip:
          ip_ranges_match:
            ip_ranges:
              - 1.2.33.44
              - 2.3.4.56
          ip_ranges_not_match:
            ip_ranges:
              - 8.8.0.0/16
              - 10::1234:1abc:1/64
          geo_ip_match:
            locations:
              - ru
              - es
          geo_ip_not_match:
            locations:
              - us
              - fm
              - gb
    description: My first security rule. This rule it's just example to show possibilities of configuration.
created_at: "2024-08-05T17:54:48.898624Z"

    2. Copy the current rule configuration (the security_rules section contents) to any text editor and save it to a file after adding new rules to it. Here is an example:

      security-rules.yaml
      - name: rule-condition-deny
  description: My first security rule. This rule it's just example to show possibilities of configuration.
  priority: "11111"
  dry_run: true
  rule_condition:
    action: DENY
    condition:
      authority:
        authorities:
          - exact_match: example.com
          - exact_match: example.net
      http_method:
        http_methods:
          - exact_match: GET
          - exact_match: POST
      request_uri:
        path:
          prefix_match: /search
        queries:
          - key: firstname
            value:
              pire_regex_match: .ivan.
          - key: lastname
            value:
              pire_regex_not_match: .petr.
      headers:
        - name: User-Agent
          value:
            pire_regex_match: .curl.
        - name: Referer
          value:
            pire_regex_not_match: .bot.
      source_ip:
        ip_ranges_match:
          ip_ranges:
            - 1.2.33.44
            - 2.3.4.56
        ip_ranges_not_match:
          ip_ranges:
            - 8.8.0.0/16
            - 10::1234:1abc:1/64
        geo_ip_match:
          locations:
            - ru
            - es
        geo_ip_not_match:
          locations:
            - us
            - fm
            - gb
- name: rule-condition-allow
  description: Let's show how to whitelist IP.
  priority: "2"
  rule_condition:
    action: ALLOW
    condition:
      source_ip:
        ip_ranges_match:
          ip_ranges:
            - 44.44.44.44-44.44.44.45
            - 44.44.44.77
- name: smart-protection-full
  description: Enable smart protection. Allow to show captcha on /search prefix.
  priority: "11"
  smart_protection:
    mode: FULL
    condition:
      request_uri:
        path:
          prefix_match: /search
- name: smart-protection-api
  description: Enable smart protection with mode API. We are not expect to see captcha on /api prefix.
  priority: "10"
  smart_protection:
    mode: API
    condition:
      request_uri:
        path:
          prefix_match: /api

      Alert

      When you change the rules in the security profile, all the existing rules will be deleted. Make sure the updated YAML file includes the full set of rules that the security profile should use.

    3. To update a security profile, run this command specifying the profile name or ID:

      yc smartwebsecurity security-profile update <security_profile_name_or_ID> \
   --security-rules-file <path_to_file_with_security_rules>

      Where --security-rules-file is the path to the YAML file with the description of security rules.

      Result:
      id: fevr4g3121vn********
folder_id: b1g07hj5r6i4********
cloud_id: b1gia87mbaom********
name: my-sws-profile
default_action: ALLOW
security_rules:
  - name: rule-condition-deny
    description: My first security rule. This rule it's just example to show possibilities of configuration.
    priority: "11111"
    dry_run: true
    rule_condition:
      action: DENY
      condition:
        authority:
          authorities:
            - exact_match: example.com
            - exact_match: example.net
        http_method:
          http_methods:
            - exact_match: GET
            - exact_match: POST
        request_uri:
          path:
            prefix_match: /search
          queries:
            - key: firstname
              value:
                pire_regex_match: .ivan.
            - key: lastname
              value:
                pire_regex_not_match: .petr.
        headers:
          - name: User-Agent
            value:
              pire_regex_match: .curl.
          - name: Referer
            value:
              pire_regex_not_match: .bot.
        source_ip:
          ip_ranges_match:
            ip_ranges:
              - 1.2.33.44
              - 2.3.4.56
          ip_ranges_not_match:
            ip_ranges:
              - 8.8.0.0/16
              - 10::1234:1abc:1/64
          geo_ip_match:
            locations:
              - ru
              - es
          geo_ip_not_match:
            locations:
              - us
              - fm
              - gb
  - name: rule-condition-allow
    description: Let's show how to whitelist IP.
    priority: "2"
    rule_condition:
      action: ALLOW
      condition:
        source_ip:
          ip_ranges_match:
            ip_ranges:
              - 44.44.44.44-44.44.44.45
              - 44.44.44.77
  - name: smart-protection-full
    description: Enable smart protection. Allow to show captcha on /search prefix.
    priority: "11"
    smart_protection:
      mode: FULL
      condition:
        request_uri:
          path:
            prefix_match: /search
  - name: smart-protection-api
    description: Enable smart protection with mode API. We are not expect to see captcha on /api prefix.
    priority: "10"
    smart_protection:
      mode: API
      condition:
        request_uri:
          path:
            prefix_match: /api
created_at: "2024-07-27T20:37:36.389730Z"

For more information about the yc smartwebsecurity security-profile update command, see the CLI reference.

With Terraform, you can quickly create a cloud infrastructure in Yandex Cloud and manage it using configuration files. These files store the infrastructure description written in HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL). If you change the configuration files, Terraform automatically detects which part of your configuration is already deployed, and what should be added or removed.

Terraform is distributed under the Business Source License. The Yandex Cloud provider for Terraform is distributed under the MPL-2.0 license.

For more information about the provider resources, see the relevant documentation on the Terraform website or its mirror.

If you do not have Terraform yet, install it and configure the Yandex Cloud provider.

  1. Open the Terraform configuration file and edit the yandex_sws_security_profile description: add the security_rule section defining your security rule.

    resource "yandex_sws_security_profile" "demo-profile-simple" {
  name                             = "<security_profile_name>"
  default_action                   = "DENY"
  captcha_id                       = "<CAPTCHA_ID>"
  advanced_rate_limiter_profile_id = "<ARL_profile_ID>"

  # Smart Protection rule
  security_rule {
    name     = "smart-protection"
    priority = 99999

    smart_protection {
      mode = "API"
    }
  }

  # Basic rule
  security_rule {
    name = "base-rule-geo"
    priority = 100000
    rule_condition {
      action = "ALLOW"
      condition {
        source_ip {
          geo_ip_match {
            locations = ["ru", "kz"]
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  # WAF profile rule
  security_rule {
    name     = "waf"
    priority = 88888

    waf {
      mode           = "API"
      waf_profile_id = "<WAF_profile_ID>"
    }
  }
}

    For more information about yandex_sws_security_profile properties, see this Terraform provider article.

  2. Create the resources:

    1. In the terminal, go to the directory where you edited the configuration file.

    2. Make sure the configuration file is correct using this command:

      terraform validate

      If the configuration is correct, you will get this message:

      Success! The configuration is valid.

    3. Run this command:

      terraform plan

      You will see a detailed list of resources. No changes will be made at this step. If the configuration contains any errors, Terraform will show them.

    4. Apply the changes:

      terraform apply

    5. Type yes and press Enter to confirm the changes.

You can check the resource update using the management console or this CLI command:

yc smartwebsecurity security-profile get <security_profile_ID>

Use the update REST API method for the SecurityProfile resource or the SecurityProfileService/Update gRPC API call.

If the Deny action is set for the default basic rule and the requests are sent to SmartCaptcha for verification, add an allowing rule.

See also

Previous
Deleting a profile
Next
Editing a rule