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Managing data format schemas in Managed Service for ClickHouse®

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Updated at November 18, 2024

Managed Service for ClickHouse® lets you INSERT and SELECT data in different formats. Most of those formats are self-descriptive. This means that they already contain a format schema that describes acceptable data types, their order, and representation in this format. For example, it lets you directly insert data from a file.

Note

Format schema describes the format of data input or output and the data schema describes the structure and layout of the ClickHouse® databases and tables that store this data. These concepts are not interchangeable.

The Cap'n Proto and the Protobuf data formats (including ProtobufSingle) do not contain the format schema, and data is stored in binary format without any structure information. Before you begin processing data in these formats (for example, before inserting data in a table), add a format schema to the Managed Service for ClickHouse® cluster. It will help you correctly interpret the number, order, and type of values when processing binary data.

You can add one or more such format schemas to a Managed Service for ClickHouse® cluster and use them to input and output data in the relevant formats.

Warning

To use the format schemas you added, insert the data into Managed Service for ClickHouse® using the HTTP interface, in this case, data serialization and deserialization is performed on the server side based on the schemas you added.

For more information about data formats, see the ClickHouse® documentation.

You can find examples of working with the Cap'n Proto and Protobuf formats when inserting data into a cluster in the Adding data to a cluster section.

Before connecting the format schema

Managed Service for ClickHouse® only works with readable data format schemas imported to Yandex Object Storage. Before connecting the schema to a cluster:

  1. Prepare a file with a format schema (see the documentation for Cap'n Proto and Protobuf).

  2. To bind your service account to the cluster, make sure that your account in Yandex Cloud is assigned the iam.serviceAccounts.user role or higher.

  3. Import the file with the data format schema to Yandex Object Storage.

  4. Connect a service account to a cluster. Use your service account to configure access permissions for the schema file.

  5. Assign the storage.viewer role to the service account.

  6. In the bucket's ACL, add the READ permission to the service account.

  7. Get a link to the schema file.

Creating a format schema

  1. In the management console, go to the folder page and select Managed Service for ClickHouse.
  2. Click the cluster name and open the Data format schemas tab.
  3. Click Create schema.
  4. In the Add schema dialog box, fill out the form by completing the URL field with the previously generated link to the format schema file.
  5. Click Create.

If you do not have the Yandex Cloud command line interface yet, install and initialize it.

The folder specified in the CLI profile is used by default. You can specify a different folder using the --folder-name or --folder-id parameter.

To create a format schema, run this command:

  • For Cap'n Proto:

    yc managed-clickhouse format-schema create "<format_schema_name>" \
  --cluster-name="<cluster_name>" \
  --type="capnproto" \
  --uri="<link_to_file_in_Object_Storage>"

  • For Protobuf:

    yc managed-clickhouse format-schema create "<format_schema_name>" \
  --cluster-name="<cluster_name>" \
  --type="protobuf" \
  --uri="<link_to_file_in_Object_Storage>"

You can request the cluster name with the list of clusters in the folder.

  1. Open the current Terraform configuration file with an infrastructure plan.

    For more information about creating this file, see Creating clusters.

  2. Add a format_schema section to the Managed Service for ClickHouse® cluster description:

    resource "yandex_mdb_clickhouse_cluster" "<cluster_name>" {
  ...
  format_schema {
    name = "<schema_name>"
    type = "<schema_type>"
    uri  = "<link_to_data_format_schema_file_in_Object_Storage>"
  }
}

    Where type is the schema type: FORMAT_SCHEMA_TYPE_CAPNPROTO or FORMAT_SCHEMA_TYPE_PROTOBUF.

  3. Make sure the settings are correct.

    1. Using the command line, navigate to the folder that contains the up-to-date Terraform configuration files with an infrastructure plan.

    2. Run the command:

      terraform validate

      If there are errors in the configuration files, Terraform will point to them.

  4. Confirm updating the resources.

    1. Run the command to view planned changes:

      terraform plan

      If the resource configuration descriptions are correct, the terminal will display a list of the resources to modify and their parameters. This is a test step. No resources are updated.

    2. If you are happy with the planned changes, apply them:

      1. Run the command:

        terraform apply

      2. Confirm the update of resources.

      3. Wait for the operation to complete.

For more information, see the Terraform provider documentation.

Time limits

A Terraform provider sets the timeout for Managed Service for ClickHouse® cluster operations:

  • Creating a cluster, including by restoring one from a backup: 60 minutes.
  • Editing a cluster: 90 minutes.
  • Deleting a cluster: 30 minutes.

Operations exceeding the set timeout are interrupted.

How do I change these limits?

Add the timeouts block to the cluster description, for example:

resource "yandex_mdb_clickhouse_cluster" "<cluster_name>" {
  ...
  timeouts {
    create = "1h30m" # 1 hour 30 minutes
    update = "2h"    # 2 hours
    delete = "30m"   # 30 minutes
  }
}

To create a format schema, use the create REST API method for the FormatSchema resource or the FormatSchemaService/Create gRPC API call and provide the following in the request:

  • Cluster ID in the clusterId parameter. You can get the cluster ID with a list of clusters in the folder.
  • Format schema name, in the formatSchemaName parameter.
  • Schema type: FORMAT_SCHEMA_TYPE_CAPNPROTO or FORMAT_SCHEMA_TYPE_PROTOBUF, in the type parameter.
  • Link to the file in Yandex Object Storage, in the uri parameter.

Changing a format schema

Managed Service for ClickHouse® does not track changes in the format schema file that is in the Yandex Object Storage bucket.

To update the contents of a schema that is already connected to the cluster:

  1. Upload the file with the current format schema to Yandex Object Storage.
  2. Get a link to this file.
  3. Change the parameters of the format schema that is connected to Managed Service for ClickHouse® by providing a new link to the format schema file.
  1. In the management console, go to the folder page and select Managed Service for ClickHouse.
  2. Click the cluster name and open the Data format schemas tab.
  3. Select the appropriate schema, click , and select Edit.

If you do not have the Yandex Cloud command line interface yet, install and initialize it.

The folder specified in the CLI profile is used by default. You can specify a different folder using the --folder-name or --folder-id parameter.

To change the link to the file in object storage with the format schema, run the command:

yc managed-clickhouse format-schema update "<data_schema_name>" \
  --cluster-name="<cluster_name>" \
  --uri="<new_link_to_file_in_Object_Storage>"

You can request the schema name with a list of format schemas in the cluster and the cluster name with a list of clusters in the folder.

  1. Open the current Terraform configuration file with an infrastructure plan.

    For more information about creating this file, see Creating clusters.

  2. In the Managed Service for ClickHouse® cluster description, change the uri parameter value under format_schema:

    resource "yandex_mdb_clickhouse_cluster" "<cluster_name>" {
  ...
  format_schema {
    name = "<schema_name>"
    type = "<schema_type>"
    uri  = "<new_link_to_schema_file_in_Object_Storage>"
  }
}

  3. Make sure the settings are correct.

    1. Using the command line, navigate to the folder that contains the up-to-date Terraform configuration files with an infrastructure plan.

    2. Run the command:

      terraform validate

      If there are errors in the configuration files, Terraform will point to them.

  4. Confirm updating the resources.

    1. Run the command to view planned changes:

      terraform plan

      If the resource configuration descriptions are correct, the terminal will display a list of the resources to modify and their parameters. This is a test step. No resources are updated.

    2. If you are happy with the planned changes, apply them:

      1. Run the command:

        terraform apply

      2. Confirm the update of resources.

      3. Wait for the operation to complete.

    For more information, see the Terraform provider documentation.

    Time limits

    A Terraform provider sets the timeout for Managed Service for ClickHouse® cluster operations:

    • Creating a cluster, including by restoring one from a backup: 60 minutes.
    • Editing a cluster: 90 minutes.
    • Deleting a cluster: 30 minutes.

    Operations exceeding the set timeout are interrupted.

    How do I change these limits?

    Add the timeouts block to the cluster description, for example:

    resource "yandex_mdb_clickhouse_cluster" "<cluster_name>" {
  ...
  timeouts {
    create = "1h30m" # 1 hour 30 minutes
    update = "2h"    # 2 hours
    delete = "30m"   # 30 minutes
  }
}

To update a data format schema, use the update REST API method for the FormatSchema resource or the FormatSchemaService/Update gRPC API call and provide the following in the request:

  • Cluster ID in the clusterId parameter. You can get the cluster ID with a list of clusters in the folder.

  • Format schema name, in the formatSchemaName parameter. You can request the schema name with a list of format schemas in the cluster.

  • New link to the file in Yandex Object Storage, in the uri parameter.

  • List of cluster configuration fields to update, in the updateMask parameter.

    Warning

    The API method will assign default values to all the parameters of the object you are modifying unless you explicitly provide them in your request. To avoid this, list the settings you want to change in the updateMask parameter as a single comma-separated string.

Disabling a format schema

Note

After disabling a format schema, the corresponding object is kept in the Yandex Object Storage bucket. If this object with the format schema is no longer needed, you can delete it.

  1. In the management console, go to the folder page and select Managed Service for ClickHouse.
  2. Click the cluster name and open the Data format schemas tab.
  3. Select the appropriate schema, click , and select Delete.

If you do not have the Yandex Cloud command line interface yet, install and initialize it.

The folder specified in the CLI profile is used by default. You can specify a different folder using the --folder-name or --folder-id parameter.

To disable a format schema, run the command:

yc managed-clickhouse format-schema delete "<format_schema_name>" \
  --cluster-name="<cluster_name>"

You can request the schema name with a list of format schemas in the cluster and the cluster name with a list of clusters in the folder.

  1. Open the current Terraform configuration file with an infrastructure plan.

    For more information about creating this file, see Creating clusters.

  2. Delete the format_schema block describing the required data format schema from the Managed Service for ClickHouse® cluster description.

  3. Make sure the settings are correct.

    1. Using the command line, navigate to the folder that contains the up-to-date Terraform configuration files with an infrastructure plan.

    2. Run the command:

      terraform validate

      If there are errors in the configuration files, Terraform will point to them.

  4. Confirm updating the resources.

    1. Run the command to view planned changes:

      terraform plan

      If the resource configuration descriptions are correct, the terminal will display a list of the resources to modify and their parameters. This is a test step. No resources are updated.

    2. If you are happy with the planned changes, apply them:

      1. Run the command:

        terraform apply

      2. Confirm the update of resources.

      3. Wait for the operation to complete.

For more information, see the Terraform provider documentation.

Time limits

A Terraform provider sets the timeout for Managed Service for ClickHouse® cluster operations:

  • Creating a cluster, including by restoring one from a backup: 60 minutes.
  • Editing a cluster: 90 minutes.
  • Deleting a cluster: 30 minutes.

Operations exceeding the set timeout are interrupted.

How do I change these limits?

Add the timeouts block to the cluster description, for example:

resource "yandex_mdb_clickhouse_cluster" "<cluster_name>" {
  ...
  timeouts {
    create = "1h30m" # 1 hour 30 minutes
    update = "2h"    # 2 hours
    delete = "30m"   # 30 minutes
  }
}

To delete a data format schema, use the delete REST API method for the FormatSchema resource or the FormatSchemaService/Delete gRPC API call and provide the following in the request:

Getting a list of format schemas in a cluster

  1. In the management console, go to the folder page and select Managed Service for ClickHouse.
  2. Click the cluster name and open the Data format schemas tab.

If you do not have the Yandex Cloud command line interface yet, install and initialize it.

The folder specified in the CLI profile is used by default. You can specify a different folder using the --folder-name or --folder-id parameter.

To get a list of format schemas in a cluster, run the command:

yc managed-clickhouse format-schema list --cluster-name="<cluster_name>"

You can request the cluster name with the list of clusters in the folder.

To get a list of data format schemas, use the list REST API method for the FormatSchema resource or the FormatSchemaService/List gRPC API call and provide the cluster ID in the clusterId request parameter.

You can get the cluster ID with a list of clusters in the folder.

Getting detailed information about a format schema

If you do not have the Yandex Cloud command line interface yet, install and initialize it.

The folder specified in the CLI profile is used by default. You can specify a different folder using the --folder-name or --folder-id parameter.

To get detailed information about a format schema, run the command:

yc managed-clickhouse format-schema get "<format_schema_name>" \
  --cluster-name="<cluster_name>"

You can request the schema name with a list of format schemas in the cluster and the cluster name with a list of clusters in the folder.

To get detailed information about a data format schema, use the get REST API method for the FormatSchema resource or the FormatSchemaService/Get gRPC API call and provide the following in the request:

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