Computing on Apache Spark™ clusters

To use Yandex Data Processing clusters, pre-configure a project. To learn more, see the concept.

Regardless of the deployment option, all Yandex Data Processing clusters are charged based on the Yandex Data Processing pricing policy. To view all the clusters available in your project, navigate to Project resources ⟶ Yandex Data Processing on the project page.

DataSphere supports using Yandex Data Processing clusters via:

• Spark connector
• Livy session

Spark connectorsSpark connectors

A Spark connector is a special resource that stores connection settings for Yandex Data Processing clusters. Cluster connection settings are specified when creating a Spark connector. The clusters you select are either connected or created when you run computations in a cell.

You can publish a Spark connector in a community, thus making it available for other projects. Changes to a Spark connector's settings will apply to all the projects the connector is used in.

For correct integration with DataSphere via a Spark connector, make sure that the image version of the deployed Yandex Data Processing cluster is at least 2.0, with LIVY, SPARK, and YARN enabled.

To learn more about using Spark connectors, see this guide.

Running Python code in a clusterRunning Python code in a cluster

1. Enter Python code in the cell, for example:

   import random
   
   def inside(p):
       x, y = random.random(), random.random()
       return x*x + y*y < 1
   
   NUM_SAMPLES = 1_000_000_0
   
   count = sc.parallelize(range(0, NUM_SAMPLES)).filter(inside).count()
   print("Pi is roughly %f" % (4.0 * count / NUM_SAMPL))
   

2. Select the cell with the code and run your computations.

3. In the Notebook VM configurations window that opens, go to the With Yandex Data Processing cluster tab.

4. Select a computing resource configuration and a Spark connector.

5. Click Select.

The connector and environment configuration are specified manually when you run a computation for the first time. All subsequent computations in this notebook will be performed on the VM created during the first run. A Yandex Data Processing cluster connects to it using the Spark connector.

Syncing Python environment with a clusterSyncing Python environment with a cluster

When working with Python Spark via DataSphere, there is no need to manually migrate the virtual environment. In a Yandex Data Processing cluster, you can change the basic composition of PyPI packages using a virtual environment:

1. Install the catboost library:

   %pip install catboost
   

2. Once the installation is complete, from the top panel, select Kernel ⟶ Restart kernel.... If the installation completes without errors, the virtual environment will be automatically created and available in the Spark session using the spark variable.

To synchronize the environment, the Spark connector settings in the S3 settings section must specify the static access key ID for the bucket and the secret containing the static access key.

Livy sessionsLivy sessions

For correct integration with DataSphere via Livy sessions, make sure the image version of the deployed Yandex Data Processing cluster is at least 2.0, with LIVY, SPARK, YARN, and HDFS enabled.

Computing sessionsComputing sessions

In Yandex Data Processing clusters, your code is running in sessions. A session stores the intermediate state until you delete the session or cluster. Each cluster has a default session. Its ID is the same as the project ID.

Use the following commands to manage sessions:

• %create_livy_session --cluster <cluster_name> --id <session_ID> to create a session.
• %delete_livy_session --cluster <cluster_name> --id <session_ID> to delete a session.

For example, the command below creates a session named ses1 in my-new-cluster, which allows each process to use a maximum of 4 CPUs per cluster and 4 GB of RAM (for more information, see the Spark documentation):

%create_livy_session --cluster my-new-cluster --id ses1 --conf spark.cores.max=4 --conf spark.executor.memory=4g

Dynamic resource allocation is enabled in sessions by default. To limit session resources, set --conf spark.dynamicAllocation.enabled to false.

Livy session parametersLivy session parameters

Complete list of parameters for the %create_livy_session command:

For more information about livy session parameters, see the official documentation.

Yandex Data Processing session restrictionsYandex Data Processing session restrictions

DataSphere uses system variables to run Yandex Data Processing clusters. Do not override the values of the following variables:

• sc
• spark
• HiveContext
• StreamingContext
• SqlContext

The following global Spark configurations are overridden by the parameters required to run Livy jobs:

• spark.jars
• spark.submit.deployMode
• spark.yarn.dist.archives
• spark.submit.pyFiles
• spark.yarn.maxAppAttempts
• spark.yarn.submit.waitAppCompletion

To specify additional libraries for a Spark session, use the spark.driver.extraClassPath and spark.executor.extraClassPath parameters and place the libraries on all nodes when creating a Yandex Data Processing cluster with initialization scripts. Make sure the paths to the libraries you use are the same on all cluster nodes.

Running Python code in a clusterRunning Python code in a cluster

The code is run in the cells with the header:

#!spark [--cluster <cluster>] [--session <session>] [--variables <input_variable>] [--return_variables <returned_variable>]

Where:

• --cluster: Yandex Data Processing cluster to perform computations on. This can be:
  • Name of the cluster created through the notebook interface.
  • HTTP link to the internal IP address of the masternode host, such as http://10.0.0.8:8998/.
• --session: Computing session ID. If this parameter is not specified, the default Yandex Data Processing cluster session is used.
• --variables: Variable imported to the DataSphere cluster from Yandex Data Processing. Supported types include bool, int, float, str, and pandas.DataFrame (converted to Spark DataFrame in a cluster).
• --return_variables: Variable to be exported from the Yandex Data Processing cluster to DataSphere. Supported type: bool, int, float, str, pandas.DataFrame (transformed Spark DataFrame).

Example of using computing sessions with user-defined parametersExample of using computing sessions with user-defined parameters

To run computations in a session with defined settings, first create this session and then provide the code in the cell with the #!spark header:

1. Create a session and set its parameters:

   %create_livy_session --cluster my-new-cluster --id ses1 --conf spark.cores.max=4 --conf spark.executor.memory=4g
   

2. In the next cell, run your computations:

   #!spark --cluster my-new-cluster --session ses1
   import random
   
   def inside(p):
       x, y = random.random(), random.random()
       return x*x + y*y < 1
   
   NUM_SAMPLES = 1_000_000
   
   count = sc.parallelize(range(0, NUM_SAMPLES)) \
       .filter(inside).count()
   print("Pi is roughly %f" % (4.0 * count / NUM_SAMPLES))
   

3. If you no longer need the session, delete it:

   %delete_livy_session --cluster my-new-cluster --id ses1
   

Working with the Spark SQL libraryWorking with the Spark SQL library

DataSphere supports using the Spark SQL library. For example, the query below will return all records in the animals table created in cluster test-dataproc-cluster:

#!spark --cluster test-dataproc-cluster --return_variables df
df = spark.sql("SELECT * FROM animals;")

df

For more information about the SQL query syntax and how to use the Spark SQL library, see the official documentation.

See alsoSee also

• Integrating with Yandex Data Processing
• Spark connector