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Creating an L7 load balancer with DDoS protection using the management console or CLI

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Updated at September 22, 2024

To create an L7 load balancer with DDoS protection using the Yandex Cloud management console or CLI:

  1. Prepare your cloud.
  2. Create a cloud network.
  3. Create security groups.
  4. Create an instance group.
  5. Reserve a static public IP address.
  6. Create a backend group.
  7. Create an HTTP router.
  8. Create an L7 load balancer.
  9. Test the load balancer.

If you no longer need the resources you created, delete them.

Prepare your cloud

Sign up for Yandex Cloud and create a billing account:

  1. Go to the management console and log in to Yandex Cloud or create an account if you do not have one yet.
  2. On the Yandex Cloud Billing page, make sure you have a billing account linked and it has the ACTIVE or TRIAL_ACTIVE status. If you do not have a billing account, create one.

If you have an active billing account, you can go to the cloud page to create or select a folder for your infrastructure to operate in.

Learn more about clouds and folders.

The infrastructure support cost for a DDoS-protected load balancer includes:

Create a cloud network

All resources you create in the tutorial will belong to the same cloud network.

To create a network:

  1. In the management console, select Virtual Private Cloud.
  2. Click Create network.
  3. Name the network: ddos-network.
  4. In the Advanced field, select Create subnets.
  5. Click Create network.

If you do not have the Yandex Cloud command line interface yet, install and initialize it.

The folder specified in the CLI profile is used by default. You can specify a different folder using the --folder-name or --folder-id parameter.

  1. Create a cloud network in the default folder:

    yc vpc network create \
  --name ddos-network

    For more information about the yc vpc network create command, see the CLI reference.

  2. Create subnets in each availability zone by specifying the cloud network ID using the --network-name flag:

    yc vpc subnet create \
  --name ddos-network-ru-a \
  --network-name ddos-network \
  --zone ru-central1-a \
  --range 192.168.0.0/24

    yc vpc subnet create \
  --name ddos-network-ru-b \
  --network-name ddos-network \
  --zone ru-central1-b \
  --range 192.168.1.0/24

    yc vpc subnet create \
  --name ddos-network-ru-d \
  --network-name ddos-network \
  --zone ru-central1-d \
  --range 192.168.2.0/24

    For more information about the yc vpc subnet create command, see the CLI reference.

Create security groups

Security groups include rules that allow the load balancer to receive incoming traffic and redirect it to the VMs so they can receive the traffic. In this use case, we will create two security groups: one for the load balancer and another one for all VMs.

To create security groups:

  1. In the management console, select Virtual Private Cloud.

  2. In the left-hand panel, select Security groups.

  3. Create a security group for the load balancer:

    1. Click Create security group.

    2. Specify Name for the security group: ddos-sg-balancer.

    3. Select Network ddos-network.

    4. Under Rules, create the following rules using the instructions below the table:

      Traffic
      direction      		 Description Port range Protocol Source /
      target      		 Add CIDR
      Outgoing any All Any CIDR 0.0.0.0/0
      Incoming ext-http 80 TCP CIDR 0.0.0.0/0
      Incoming ext-https 443 TCP CIDR 0.0.0.0/0
      Incoming healthchecks 30080 TCP Load balancer healthchecks —

      1. Select the Egress or Ingress tab.

      2. Click Add rule.

      3. In the Port range field of the window that opens, specify a single port or a range of ports that traffic will come to or from.

      4. In the Protocol field, specify the appropriate protocol or leave Any to allow traffic transmission over any protocol.

      5. In the Destination name or Source field, select the purpose of the rule:

        • CIDR: Rule will apply to the range of IP addresses. In the CIDR blocks field, specify the CIDR and masks of subnets that traffic will come to or from. To add multiple CIDRs, click Add CIDR.
        • Security group: Rule will apply to the VMs from the current group or the selected security group.
        • Load balancer healthchecks: Rule allowing a load balancer to health check VMs.

      6. Click Save. Repeat the steps to create all the rules from the table.

    5. Click Save.

  4. Similarly, create a security group for the VM named ddos-sg-vms with the same ddos-network and the following rules:

    Traffic
    direction    		 Description Port range Protocol Source CIDR blocks
    Incoming balancer 80 TCP Security group ddos-sg-balancer
    Incoming ssh 22 TCP CIDR 0.0.0.0/0

To create a security group for your load balancer, run the command:

yc vpc security-group create \
  --name ddos-sg-balancer \
  --rule "direction=egress,port=any,protocol=any,v4-cidrs=[0.0.0.0/0]" \
  --rule "direction=ingress,port=80,protocol=tcp,v4-cidrs=[0.0.0.0/0]" \
  --rule "direction=ingress,port=443,protocol=tcp,v4-cidrs=[0.0.0.0/0]" \
  --rule "direction=ingress,port=30080,protocol=tcp,predefined=loadbalancer_healthchecks" \
  --network-name ddos-network

To create a security group for your VM, run the command:

yc vpc security-group create \
  --name ddos-sg-vms \
  --rule "direction=ingress,port=22,protocol=tcp,v4-cidrs=[0.0.0.0/0]" \
  --rule "direction=ingress,port=80,protocol=tcp,security-group-id=<security_group_ID>" \
  --network-name ddos-network

Where security-group-id is the ddos-sg-balancer security group ID.

For more information about the yc vpc security-group create command, see the CLI reference.

Create an instance group

Your application backends will be deployed on the VM instance of the target group. The VM's target group will be connected to the load balancer so that requests can be sent to the backend endpoints of your application. In this scenario, creating an instance group with the minimum configuration is enough.

To create an instance group:

  1. In the management console, select Compute Cloud.

  2. In the left-hand panel, select Instance groups. Click Create group of virtual machines.

  3. Under Basic parameters:

    • Enter the instance group Name: ddos-group.
    • Select a service account from the list or create a new one. To be able to create, update, and delete VM instances in the instance group, assign the editor role to the service account. By default, all operations in Instance Groups are performed on behalf of a service account.

  4. Under Allocation, select multiple availability zones to ensure fault tolerance of your hosting.

  5. Under Instance template, click Define to configure a basic instance:

    • Under General information, enter a Description for the template.

    • Under Boot disk image, open the Marketplace tab and click Show all Marketplace products. Select LEMP and click Use.

    • Under Disks, specify:

      • Type: HDD.
      • Disk Size: 3 GB.

    • Under Computing resources, specify:

      • Platform: Intel Cascade Lake.
      • vCPU: 2.
      • Guaranteed vCPU performance: 5%.
      • RAM: 1 GB.

    • Under Network settings:

      • Select the ddos-network cloud network and its subnets.
      • In the Public address field, select Auto.
      • Select the ddos-sg-vms security group.

    • Under Access, specify the data for access to the VM:

      • Enter the username into the Login field.
      • In the SSH key field, paste the contents of the public key file.

      To establish an SSH connection, you need to create a key pair. For more information, see Creating an SSH key pair.

    • Click Save.

  6. Under Scaling, specify the instance group Size: 2.

  7. Under Integration with Application Load Balancer, select Create target group and enter tg-ddos as the group name. You can read more about target groups here.

  8. Click Create.

  1. Get the resource IDs required to create an instance group using the following commands:

  2. Create a YAML file named specification.yaml.

  3. Add to it the description of the base instance configuration:

    name: ddos-group
service_account_id: <service_account_ID>
description: "DDoS alb scenario"
instance_template:
    platform_id: standard-v3
    resources_spec:
        memory: 1g
        cores: 2
        core_fraction: 5
    boot_disk_spec:
        mode: READ_WRITE
        disk_spec:
            image_id: <image_ID>
            type_id: network-hdd
            size: 3g
    network_interface_specs:
        - network_id: <cloud_network_ID>
          subnet_ids:
            - <ru-central1-a_zone_subnet_ID>
            - <ru-central1-b_zone_subnet_ID>
            - <ru-central1-d_zone_subnet_ID>
          primary_v4_address_spec: {}
          security_group_ids:
            - <security_group_ID>
deploy_policy:
    max_unavailable: 1
    max_expansion: 0
scale_policy:
    fixed_scale:
        size: 2
allocation_policy:
    zones:
        - zone_id: ru-central1-a
        - zone_id: ru-central1-b
        - zone_id: ru-central1-d
application_load_balancer_spec:
    target_group_spec:
        name: tg-ddos

    Where security_group_ids is the ddos-sg-vms security group ID.

  4. Create an instance group in the default folder:

    yc compute instance-group create \
  --file specification.yaml

    Result:

    done (25s)
id: cl1qjhlcdofg********
folder_id: b1g86q4m5vej********
created_at: "2021-08-30T19:25:02.031Z"
name: ddos-group
description: DDoS scenario
instance_template:
  platform_id: standard-v2
  resources_spec:
    memory: "1073741824"
    cores: "2"
    core_fraction: "5"
  boot_disk_spec:
    mode: READ_WRITE
    disk_spec:
      type_id: network-hdd
      size: "3221225472"
      image_id: fd8r6kq84o7b********
  network_interface_specs:
  - network_id: enp3srbi9u49********
    subnet_ids:
    - e9b17pi15695********
    - e2lt87g1rlig********
    - b0c7kl8riq24********
    primary_v4_address_spec: {}
    security_group_ids:
    - enpi08rif04d********
  scheduling_policy: {}
scale_policy:
  fixed_scale:
    size: "2"
deploy_policy:
  max_unavailable: "1"
  startup_duration: 0s
  strategy: PROACTIVE
allocation_policy:
  zones:
  - zone_id: ru-central1-a
  - zone_id: ru-central1-b
  - zone_id: ru-central1-d
load_balancer_state: {}
managed_instances_state:
  target_size: "2"
service_account_id: aje2stn6id9k********
status: ACTIVE
application_load_balancer_spec:
  target_group_spec:
    name: first-target-group
application_load_balancer_state:
  target_group_id: ds78imh0ds2e********

    For more information about the yc compute instance-group create command, see the CLI reference.

Reserve a static public IP address

Note

You cannot do this using the CLI.

To protect a load balancer against DDoS attacks, reserve a static public IP address with the DDoS protection option:

  1. In the management console, select Virtual Private Cloud.
  2. In the left-hand panel, select IP addresses and click Reserve address.
  3. Select the availability zone where you want to reserve the IP address.
  4. Enable DDoS protection.
  5. Click ** Reserve**.

Create a backend group

You must link the target group created with the VM group to the backend group that defines traffic allocation settings.

For the backends, groups will implement health checks: the load balancer will periodically send health check requests to the VMs and expect a response after a certain delay.

To create a backend group:

  1. In the management console, select Application Load Balancer.
  2. In the left-hand panel, select Backend groups. Click Create backend group.
  3. Enter Name of the backend group: ddos-backend-group.
  4. Under Backends, click Add.
  5. Enter the backend Name: backend-1.
  6. In the Target groups field, select the tg-ddos group.
  7. Specify Port the backend VMs will use to receive incoming traffic from the load balancer: 80.
  8. Click Add health check.
  9. Specify Port the backend VMs will use to accept health check connections: 80.
  10. Specify Path the load balancer will access for health checks: /.
  11. Click Create.

If you do not have the Yandex Cloud command line interface yet, install and initialize it.

The folder specified in the CLI profile is used by default. You can specify a different folder using the --folder-name or --folder-id parameter.

  1. Create a backend group:

    yc alb backend-group create ddos-backend-group

    Result:

    id: a5dg2cv4ngne********
name: ddos-backend-group
folder_id: aoerb349v3h4********
created_at: "2021-08-08T20:46:21.688940670Z"

    For more information about the yc alb backend-group create command, see the CLI reference.

  2. Add a backend and health check to the group:

    yc alb backend-group add-http-backend \
  --backend-group-name ddos-backend-group \
  --name backend-1 \
  --weight 1 \
  --port 80 \
  --target-group-id=<target_group_ID> \
  --http-healthcheck timeout=1s,interval=1s,port=80,path=/

    Where:

    • --backend-group-name: Backend group name.
    • --name: Backend name.
    • --weight: Backend weight.
    • --port: Port.
    • --target-group-id: Target group ID.
    • --http-healthcheck: Resource health check parameters.
      • port: Port.
      • timeout: Timeout.
      • interval: Interval
      • host: Host address
      • path: Path.

    Result:

    done (21s)
id: ds7fea2pggr2********
name: ddos-backend-group
folder_id: b1g86q4m5vej********
http:
backends:
- name: backend-1
  backend_weight: "1"
  port: "80"
  target_groups:
    target_group_ids:
    - ds78ate00f8e********
  healthchecks:
  - timeout: 1s
    interval: 1s
    healthcheck_port: "80"
    http:
      path: /
created_at: "2021-08-08T07:59:22.922603189Z"

    For more information about the yc alb backend-group add-http-backend command, see the CLI reference.

Create an HTTP router

The backend group should be linked to an HTTP router that defines HTTP routing rules.

To create an HTTP router and add a route to it:

  1. In the management console, select Application Load Balancer.
  2. In the left-hand panel, select HTTP routers. Click Create HTTP router.
  3. Specify the HTTP router Name: ddos-router.
  4. Click Add virtual host.
  5. Specify the virtual host Name: ddos-host.
  6. Specify the Authority value: alb-with-ddos.com.
  7. Click Add route.
  8. Set Name to route-1.
  9. In the Path field, select Starts with and specify the / path.
  10. In the Action field, keep Routing.
  11. In the Backend group list, select the group you created earlier.
  12. Leave all other settings unchanged and click Create.

If you do not have the Yandex Cloud command line interface yet, install and initialize it.

The folder specified in the CLI profile is used by default. You can specify a different folder using the --folder-name or --folder-id parameter.

  1. Run this command:

    yc alb http-router create ddos-router

    Result:

    id: a5dcsselagj4********
name: ddos-router
folder_id: aoerb349v3h4********
created_at: "2021-08-08T21:04:59.438292069Z"

    For more information about the yc alb http-router create command, see the CLI reference.

  2. Create a virtual host by specifying the name of the HTTP router:

    yc alb virtual-host create ddos-host \
  --http-router-name ddos-router
  --authority alb-with-ddos.com

    For more information about the yc alb virtual-host create command, see the CLI reference.

  3. Add a route by specifying the router name and the routing parameters:

    yc alb virtual-host append-http-route route-1 \
  --virtual-host-name ddos-host \
  --http-router-name ddos-router \
  --prefix-path-match / \
  --backend-group-name ddos-backend-group \
  --request-timeout 60s

    Result:

    done (1s)
 name: ddos-host
 routes:
 - name: route-1
   http:
     match:
       path:
         prefix_match: /
     route:
       backend_group_id: ds7fea2pggr2********
       timeout: 60s

    For more information about the yc alb virtual-host append-http-route command, see the CLI reference.

Create a load balancer

To create a load balancer:

  1. In the management console, select Application Load Balancer.

  2. In the left-hand menu, select Load balancers.

  3. Click Create L7 load balancer.

  4. Enter the load balancer name: ddos-protect-alb.

  5. Under Network settings, select ddos-network and theddos-sg-balancer security group.

  6. Under Allocation, select the subnets for the load balancer nodes in each availability zone and enable traffic.

  7. Under Listeners, click Add listener. Set the listener settings:

    1. Enter the listener name: ddos-listener.
    2. Under Public IP address, enable traffic.
    3. Set the port to 80.
    4. Select the List type and specify the previously reserved IP address with DDoS protection.

  8. In the HTTP router field, select ddos-router.

  9. Click Create.

  1. Create a load balancer with nodes in the cloud network subnets:

    yc alb load-balancer create ddos-protect-alb \
  --network-name ddos-network \
  --location subnet-name=ddos-network-ru-a,zone=ru-central1-a \
  --location subnet-name=ddos-network-ru-b,zone=ru-central1-b \
  --location subnet-name=ddos-network-ru-d,zone=ru-central1-d

    For more information about the yc alb load-balancer create command, see the CLI reference.

  2. Add a listener:

    yc alb load-balancer add-listener ddos-protect-alb \
  --listener-name ddos-listener \
  --http-router-id <HTTP_router_ID> \
  --external-ipv4-endpoint port=80, address=<IP_address_with_DDoS_protection>

    For more information about the yc alb load-balancer add-listener command, see the CLI reference.

After creating the load balancer, test it.

Test the load balancer

Check that the service is available on the alb-with-ddos.com host. To do this, run the following command:

curl -H "Host: alb-with-ddos.com" http://<L7_load_balancer_IP_address>

Result:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
  body {
    width: 35em;
    margin: 0 auto;
    font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
  }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

How to delete the resources you created

To shut down the hosting and stop paying for the created resources:

  1. Delete the non-billable resources that block the deletion of billable resources:

    1. Delete the ddos-protect-alb L7 load balancer.
    2. Delete the ddos-router HTTP router.
    3. Delete the ddos-backend-group backend group.

  2. Delete the ddos-group instance group.

  3. Delete the static public IP address you reserved.

See also

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