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Assigning a domain name to a VM with a web server using Terraform

Written by
Updated at December 4, 2024

To create an infrastructure for assigning a domain name to a VM with a web server using Terraform:

  1. Prepare your cloud.
  2. Delegate your domain to Cloud DNS.
  3. Create an infrastructure.
  4. Test the website.

If you no longer need the resources you created, delete them.

Prepare your cloud

Sign up for Yandex Cloud and create a billing account:

  1. Go to the management console and log in to Yandex Cloud or create an account if you do not have one yet.
  2. On the Yandex Cloud Billing page, make sure you have a billing account linked and it has the ACTIVE or TRIAL_ACTIVE status. If you do not have a billing account, create one.

If you have an active billing account, you can go to the cloud page to create or select a folder for your infrastructure to operate in.

Learn more about clouds and folders.

The support cost includes:

Delegate your domain to Cloud DNS

To delegate a domain to Cloud DNS, in your account on your domain registrar's website, specify the DNS server addresses in the domain settings:

  • ns1.yandexcloud.net
  • ns2.yandexcloud.net

Delegation does not take effect immediately. It usually takes up to 24 hours (86,400 seconds) for internet service providers to update records. This depends on the TTL value which specifies how long domain records are cached.

You can check the domain delegation using Whois or the dig utility:

dig +short NS example.com

Result:

ns2.yandexcloud.net.
ns1.yandexcloud.net.

Create an infrastructure

With Terraform, you can quickly create a cloud infrastructure in Yandex Cloud and manage it using configuration files. These files store the infrastructure description written in HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL). If you change the configuration files, Terraform automatically detects which part of your configuration is already deployed, and what should be added or removed.

Terraform is distributed under the Business Source License. The Yandex Cloud provider for Terraform is distributed under the MPL-2.0 license.

For more information about the provider resources, see the documentation on the Terraform website or mirror website.

To create an infrastructure using Terraform:

  1. Install Terraform, get the authentication credentials, and specify the source for installing the Yandex Cloud provider (see Configure a provider, step 1).

  2. Prepare a file with the infrastructure description:

    1. Clone the repository with configuration files.

      git clone https://github.com/yandex-cloud-examples/yc-compute-dns-binding

    2. Go to the directory with the repository. Make sure it contains the following files:

      • bind-domain-to-vm.tf: New infrastructure configuration.
      • bind-domain-to-vm.auto.tfvars: User data file.
    1. Create a folder for the file with the infrastructure description.
    2. In the folder, create:

      1. bind-domain-to-vm.tf configuration file

        bind-domain-to-vm.tf
        # Declaring variables for custom parameters

variable "folder_id" {
  type = string
}

variable "domain_name" {
  type = string
}

variable "ssh_key_path" {
  type = string
}

# Adding other variables

locals {
  zone             = "ru-central1-a"
  network_name     = "webserver-network"
  subnet_name      = "webserver-subnet-ru-central1-a"
  sg_name          = "webserver-sg"
  vm_name          = "mywebserver"
  domain_zone_name = "my-domain-zone"
}

# Configuring a provider 

terraform {
  required_providers {
    yandex = {
      source  = "yandex-cloud/yandex"
      version = ">= 0.47.0"
    }
  }
}

provider "yandex" {
  zone      = local.zone
  folder_id = var.folder_id
}

# Creating a cloud network

resource "yandex_vpc_network" "webserver-network" {
  name = local.network_name
}

# Create subnet

resource "yandex_vpc_subnet" "webserver-subnet-b" {
  name           = local.subnet_name
  zone           = local.zone
  network_id     = "${yandex_vpc_network.webserver-network.id}"
  v4_cidr_blocks = ["192.168.1.0/24"]
}

# Creating a security group

resource "yandex_vpc_security_group" "webserver-sg" {
  name        = local.sg_name
  network_id  = "${yandex_vpc_network.webserver-network.id}"
  ingress {
    protocol       = "TCP"
    description    = "http"
    v4_cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
    port           = 80
  }

  ingress {
    protocol       = "TCP"
    description    = "https"
    v4_cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
    port           = 443
  }

  ingress {
    protocol       = "TCP"
    description    = "ssh"
    v4_cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
    port           = 22
  }

  egress {
    protocol       = "ANY"
    description    = "any"
    v4_cidr_blocks = ["0.0.0.0/0"]
    from_port      = 0
    to_port        = 65535
  }
}

# Creating an image

resource "yandex_compute_image" "osimage" {
  source_family = "lamp"
}

# Creating a disk

resource "yandex_compute_disk" "boot-disk" {
  name     = "web-server-boot"
  type     = "network-hdd"
  image_id = yandex_compute_image.osimage.id
}

# Creating a VM instance

resource "yandex_compute_instance" "mywebserver" {
  name        = local.vm_name
  platform_id = "standard-v2"
  zone        = local.zone

  resources {
    cores  = "2"
    memory = "2"
  }

  boot_disk {
    disk_id = yandex_compute_disk.boot-disk.id
  }

  network_interface {
    subnet_id          = "${yandex_vpc_subnet.webserver-subnet-b.id}"
    nat                = true
    security_group_ids = ["${yandex_vpc_security_group.webserver-sg.id}"]
  }

  metadata = {
    user-data = "#cloud-config\nusers:\n  - name: yc-user\n    groups: sudo\n    shell: /bin/bash\n    sudo: 'ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL'\n    ssh_authorized_keys:\n      - ${file("${var.ssh_key_path}")}"
  }
}

# Creating a DNS zone

resource "yandex_dns_zone" "my-domain-zone" {
  name    = local.domain_zone_name
  zone    = "${var.domain_name}."
  public  = true
}

# Creating a type A resource record

resource "yandex_dns_recordset" "rsA1" {
  zone_id = yandex_dns_zone.my-domain-zone.id
  name    = "${yandex_dns_zone.my-domain-zone.zone}"
  type    = "A"
  ttl     = 600
  data    = ["${yandex_compute_instance.mywebserver.network_interface.0.nat_ip_address}"]
}

      2. bind-domain-to-vm.auto.tfvars user data file:

        bind-domain-to-vm.auto.tfvars
        folder_id    = "<folder_ID>"
ssh_key_path = "<path_to_SSH_key>"
domain_name  = "<domain_name>"

    For more information about the parameters of resources used in Terraform, see the provider documentation:

  3. In the bind-domain-to-vm.auto.tfvars file, set the following user-defined properties:

    • folder_id: Folder ID.
    • ssh_key_path: Path to the file with a public SSH key to authenticate the user on the VM, e.g., ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub. For more information, see Creating an SSH key pair.
    • domain_name: Your domain name, e.g., example.com.

  4. Create resources:

    1. In the terminal, change to the folder where you edited the configuration file.

    2. Make sure the configuration file is correct using the command:

      terraform validate

      If the configuration is correct, the following message is returned:

      Success! The configuration is valid.

    3. Run the command:

      terraform plan

      The terminal will display a list of resources with parameters. No changes are made at this step. If the configuration contains errors, Terraform will point them out.

    4. Apply the configuration changes:

      terraform apply

    5. Confirm the changes: type yes in the terminal and press Enter.

  5. Get the VM public IP address: you will use it later to test the hosting.

After creating the infrastructure, test the website.

Test the website

The website on your web server is now accessible by its domain name. To test the site, enter its IP address or domain name in your browser:

  • http://<VM_public_IP_address>
  • http://example.com

Delete the resources you created

To shut down the hosting and stop paying for the created resources:

  1. Open the bind-domain-to-vm.tf configuration file and delete the description of the new infrastructure from it.

  2. Apply the changes:

    1. In the terminal, change to the folder where you edited the configuration file.

    2. Make sure the configuration file is correct using the command:

      terraform validate

      If the configuration is correct, the following message is returned:

      Success! The configuration is valid.

    3. Run the command:

      terraform plan

      The terminal will display a list of resources with parameters. No changes are made at this step. If the configuration contains errors, Terraform will point them out.

    4. Apply the configuration changes:

      terraform apply

    5. Confirm the changes: type yes in the terminal and press Enter.

See also

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